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Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions: Neutral, Basic, and Acidic Solutions Explained

This chapter discusses the acid-base properties of salt solutions, focusing on how different salts affect the pH of solutions. It explains that salts from strong acids and bases yield neutral solutions, while those from weak acids and strong bases produce basic solutions. Conversely, salts from strong acids and weak bases result in acidic solutions. Examples include KNO3 for neutral, KHCO3 for basic, and NH4Cl for acidic solutions. The content also includes learning check questions to predict solution acidity, basicity, or neutrality.

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Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions: Neutral, Basic, and Acidic Solutions Explained

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  1. Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.9 Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions

  2. Salts That Form Neutral Solutions A salt solution containing the ions of a strong acid and a strong base • forms a neutral solution • does not produce or attract H+ from water Example: KNO3 forms a neutral solution because it contains a cation (K+) from a strong base (KOH) and an anion (NO3) from a strong acid (HNO3).

  3. Salts That Form Basic Solutions A salt solution containing ions of a weak acid and strong base • forms a basic solution • has an anion of the weak acid that attracts H+ from water Example: KHCO3 forms a basic solution because its anion forms a weak acid (H2CO3), but its cation is from strong base (KOH). HCO3(aq) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)+ OH(aq) Anion of Forms Solution is basic weak acid weak acid

  4. Salts That Form Acidic Solutions A salt solution containing ions of a strong acid and a weak base • forms an acidic solution • has a cation of the weak base that produces H+ in water Example: NH4Cl forms an acidic solution because it has the cation of a weak base (NH3) and an anion of the strong acid (HCl) NH4+(aq) + H2O(aq) NH3(aq)+ H3O+(aq) Cation of Forms a Solution is acidic weak base weak base

  5. Cations and Anions of Salts for Neutral, Basic, and Acidic Solutions

  6. Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions

  7. Learning Check Predict whether a solution of each salt will be (A) acidic, (B) basic, or (N) neutral. 1. Li2S (aq) 2. Mg(NO3)2 (aq) 3. NH4Br (aq)

  8. Solution 1. Li2S(aq) (B) basic; S2, a cation of a weak base, reacts with H2O to produce HSand OH ; Li+, a cation of a strong base,does not interact with water. 2. Mg(NO3)2(aq) (N) neutral; Mg2+, a cation of a strong base, and NO3, an anion of a strong acid, do not interact with water. 3. NH4Br(aq) (A) acidic; NH4+, a cation of a weak base, reacts with H2O to produce H3O+; Br, an anion of a strong acid, does not interact with water.

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