Initial Laboratory Safety Training (GPILS)

1. Initial Laboratory Safety Training (GPILS) Updated 06/12/19 S. Houng

2. Who We Are Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) We Enhance the Safety of our Community through EDUCATION and SERVICE www.umaryland.edu/ehs 714 W. Lombard St. Baltimore MD 21201 (410)706-7055 or 6-7055 from a campus phone

3. EHS Programs • Biosafety • Chemical Safety • Radiation Safety • Fire Safety • Hazardous Waste Removal • Injury Reporting and Occupational Health

4. Services and Resources • Training (BBP, Lab Chemical Safety, Hazardous Waste, Radiation Safety) as well as optional training (DOT infectious and biological material shipping, reactive chemicals) - MyEHS • Research Registration for Biosafety and Radiation safety – review protocols for safety and health hazards and ensure that you obtain the proper training – CICERO IBC and RSC • Perform general and radiation safety audits – SHAREPOINT • Provide hazardous waste removal including chemical, radioactive, and special medical waste • Administrate Injury reporting and Workers compensation in the case of an incident

5. Key EHS Contacts Steven C. Deck, DM, MBA, ARM, CIH, CSP, CHMM, CBSP- Director sdeck@umaryland.edu Kenneth Brenneman, PhD- Radiation Safety Officer kbrenneman@umaryland.edu Melissa A. Morland, MS, MBA, RBP, CBSP, SM(NRCM)- Assistant Director and Biosafety Officer mmorland@umaryland.edu ; 410-706-7845 Simone Houng- Research Safety Specialist simone.houng@umaryland.edu

6. Training Topics Covered Today Bloodborne Pathogens Chemical Safety in the Laboratory Hazardous Waste Management Emergency Procedures Note that annual refresher training on these topics is required and can be accessed on the EHS website

7. Bloodborne Pathogens “Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.” (as defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration- OSHA) Includes: • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • HIV • Many other viral and bacterial pathogens

8. Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM) In additional to blood the standard covers: • Human body fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva from dental, semen, and vaginal secretions) • Any unfixed tissue or organ from a human • Human cell or tissue cultures

9. OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Mandates: • Development of a written exposure control plan • Implementation of engineering controls and safe work practices • Use of personal protective equipment • Hepatitis B Vaccination –provisions or declination • Post exposure evaluation and follow-up • Information and training • Record Keeping

10. UMB BBP Exposure Control Plan Available on the EHS website and covers: • Exposure Determination • Methods of Compliance • Personal Protective Equipment • Work Practice Controls • Housekeeping • Hepatitis B Vaccination Program • Communication of Hazards • Information and Training • Recordkeeping • Post-Exposure Evaluation and Follow-up

11. Health Care Workers Researchers Housekeepers Maintenance Staff Police Officers Jobs at the University with Potential Exposure to Blood or OPIM

12. Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) What is the Hepatitis B Virus? • HBV is a disease of the liver • CDC estimates that 1.2 million people in the United States are chronically infected with HBV • Dry blood can contain HBV up to 7 days • Symptoms occur on average 12 weeks after exposure • Symptoms occur in about 70% of patients • Risk of infection after an injury from a contaminated needle is from 6% to 30% (unvaccinated) • Vaccine is available Symptoms might include: Yellow skin or yellowing of the whites of your eyes (jaundice) Tiredness Loss of appetite Nausea Abdominal discomfort Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain

13. HBV Vaccination • Required to be offered to employees, students, or volunteers reasonably anticipated to have contact with blood or OPIM in performance of their duties at a UMB facility • This includes assigned work, volunteer tasks, academic programs, and practicum experiences • To obtain the vaccine, contact UMaryland Immediate Care (UMIC) at (667)214-1899 • To decline the vaccination, complete the Hepatitis B vaccine declination form on the EHS website and give a copy to your supervisor • If you have previously obtained the vaccine or have any questions, contact UMIC

14. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) What is the Hepatitis C Virus? • HCV is a disease of the liver , most common blood disease in the United States • Leading indication for liver transplants in the United States • CDC estimates 3.2 million people in the United States are infected with HCV • Can survive outside the body up to 4 days • Currently there is NO vaccine available Symptoms might include: jaundice fatigue dark urine abdominal pain  loss of appetite nausea

15. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • HIV effects the immune system and decreases the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers • 1.1 million people in the United States live with HIV/AIDS • HIV does not survive more then a few hours in dried blood • Some people may be symptom free for several years, 1 in 5 may not be aware that they are infected. • Currently there is NO vaccine available • Diarrhea lasting more than a week • Unusual spots on the tongue, mouth, or throat • Pneumonia • Blotches on the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids • Memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders Warning signs include: Rapid weight loss Dry cough Recurring fever or profuse night sweats Profound and unexplained fatigue Swollen lymph glands

16. How can I be infected at work? • Contact between mucous membranes and infected blood or body fluids (eyes, nose, or mouth) • Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected blood or body fluids • Injury with a contaminated needle or sharp

17. Always Use Universal Precautions OSHA defines universal precautions as an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens

18. Handling Sharps • Always point sharps away from yourself and others • Do NOT bend, break, shear off, or attempt to recap needles into the sheath • Sharps must be disposed of in an appropriate sharps container • Made of heavy duty plastic • Able to be closed with a tight fitting, puncture resistant lid that does not allow sharps to come out • Upright and stable during use • Leak resistant • Properly labeled outside to warn of sharps/hazardous contents • Do not overfill sharps container (no more than ~ ¾ full) • If you have contaminated broken glass, do NOT use your hands to pick up, use a broom and dustpan for disposal • Request pickup of full container through EHS website

19. Sharps with safety features When possible, use devices with safety controls built in, such as syringes with Luer lock fittings. Retractable needle system Luer-lock systems

20. If no alternative to recapping or removal of the needle is possible, a one-handed technique or mechanical device must be used and justified to the Institutional Biosafety Committee One-handed technique

21. Provides laminar/directed air flow, creating an air curtain behind the sash VERY IMPORTANT not to block airflow and to work behind the curtain (~6” behind sash) Class II provides personnel, environmental, and product protection Must be certified annually or whenever moved Engineering Control: Biosafety Cabinets (BSC’s)

22. Clean Air Bench (not appropriate) • Directed airflow TOWARD the user • Provides only product protection DO NOT USE WITH INFECTIOUS MATERIAL

23. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Always wear appropriate PPE, which, at a minimum, includes: • Gloves when hand contact is expected • Protective clothing (laboratory coat) when the potential for splattering body fluids exists • Eye protection when the potential for splashes or sprays exist General rules for using PPE: • Make sure it fits properly • Check for damage before use • If damaged during use, remove and replace immediately • Do not wear sandals or perforated shoes • Remove PPE when leaving the laboratory

24. Gloves • Glove selection should be based on resistance to the materials you are working with • They are intended for incidental contact, not extended contact. If extended contact with a hazardous material is anticipated, consider thicker reusable, purpose-specific gloves • Gloves frequently used in labs are disposable (thin, sold in boxes, for single use). Some lab operations require use of thicker reusable gloves (cryogenic, heat-resistant, cut-resistant, etc) • Do NOT reuse thin single-use gloves. Do not blow on them to reinflate, twirl around rapidly to reinflate, pull on the potentially contaminated outside to reinflate, wash and dry to use again • Dispose of all used disposable gloves in a biohazard box

25. When not to wear your PPE • In the lunchroom • In the bathroom • Using your office computer • Using your cellphone • On the UM shuttle

26. What about between lab spaces? If you are moving materials or equipment between labs or buildings, • Where possible, use secondary containment like a bucket • “one glove policy”- one glove on to hold the material, one ungloved hand to open doors, push elevator buttons, etc. • If you cannot hold the material in one hand, use a cart and/or request help from a lab mate

27. Work Practice Controls • Wash your hands immediately after removing your gloves • Do not eat, drink or apply cosmetics in the laboratory • Follow University guidelines for disposing of biomedical waste • Maintain the laboratory in a clean and orderly manner • Promptly clean-up spills of biological material • All procedures involving blood or OPIM must be performed in a manner that minimizes spraying, splattering or generation of aerosols

28. Equipment, containers, and waste must be properly labeled; this includes Containers of regulated waste Refrigerators & freezers Containers used to store, transport or ship blood or OPIM Centrifuges Any potentially contaminated waste should be disposed of through the special medical waste stream at UMB EHS; biohazard boxes and bags are provided by request at 6-7055 or on the EHS website No chemical, radioactive, or liquid waste should be placed in the biological waste disposal containers Labeling and Waste

29. Decontamination Anything that comes in contact with blood or OPIM must be decontaminated or sterilized before next use or in the event of a spill. Always wear appropriate PPE when cleaning up. Use a 1:10 dilution of household bleach, let stand for at least 10 minutes, then clean off with water or 70% ethanol. An EPA- approved disinfectant may also be used. (https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/selected-epa-registered-disinfectants )

30. What to do if you have an exposure • Stop work immediately, inform others in your area • If a splash or spill: Wash exposed area with soap and water for 15 minutes; irrigate mucous membranes with water for 15 minutes • Seek medical care if needed. During business hours, on or near campus UMB Immediate Care (UMIC) 408 W. Lombard St., (667)214-1899, Open M-F 7am to 5pm. After hours, seek attention from the UMMC Emergency Room, your personal physician, or a local hospital • Report the incident to your supervisor/sponsor and EHS ASAP, but do not delay medical treatment if needed In an emergency, call 711 (campus police) or 911 (police)

31. Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Any work with any human materials (including human cell lines)/recombinant DNA/viruses must be registered with the IBC. All personnel working on these materials must also be listed. Does my research need to be registered with the IBC? Contact EHS at 6-7055, we’ll let you know! How do I submit a protocol? Use the CICERO research evaluation portal at https://cicero.umaryland.edu Note for ANIMAL work: please be aware that the IACUC will not approve your protocol until you have received IBC approval Biosafety questions? Contact Melissa Morland, Biosafety Officer, at 410-706-7845

32. Questions about Bloodborne Pathogens?

33. Chemical Safety in the Laboratory OSHA Standard for Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Requires that the University provide: • Written chemical hygiene plan • Chemical exposures assessments • Information and training on working with chemicals • Medical consultation • Proper labeling of chemical containers • Access to information on chemical health hazards • Designation of a chemical hygiene officer • Recordkeeping

34. UMB Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) The Standard requires employers to establish methods to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals, to communicate physical and health hazards of chemicals in the lab environment, identifies measures employees can use to protect themselves. These elements are summarized in the University CHP, available online, which includes: • Safe work practices • Personal hygiene • Storing chemicals • Transporting chemicals • Compressed gas cylinders • Leaving operations unattended • Laboratory safety equipment Labeling chemicals Chemical hazards Emergency and spill response procedures Reporting injuries or illnesses Medial consultation Personal Protective Equipment

35. The GHS As of March 2012, the U.S. adopted the UN’s Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Subsequently, OSHA revised the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) to align with the majority of the elements of the GHS. The GHS is an internationally standardized approach to hazard communication that provides a harmonized system of classification and labeling and revised organization of safety data sheets (SDSs).

36. What does this mean to you? Three main areas of standardization: • Classification of hazards • Labeling requirements • Safety data sheets

37. GHS Labeling Chemicals will now be labeled using the following elements when applicable: • Pictograms (9) – graphic element encompassed by a red diamond • Signal Words – “Danger” or “Warning” to signify relative severity of the hazard • Hazard Statements – to describe the nature and degree of the hazard • Precautionary Statements - to describe recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse events

43. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) 16 sections under GHS: Identification Hazard(s) identification Composition/information on ingredients First-aid measures Fire-fighting measures Accidental release measures Handling and Storage Exposure controls/personal protection Physical and chemical properties Stability and reactivity Toxicological information Ecological information Disposal considerations Transport information Regulatory information Other information OSHA does not regulate sections 12-15

44. Routes of Body Exposure for Chemicals Inhalation Ingestion Absorption Injection

45. Carcinogens • Carcinogens can cause the disease we call cancer. Simply stated, cancer is uncontrolled cell growth • Examples include: • Aflatoxin, benzene, benzidine, ethylene oxide, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, 1,3-Butadiene and formaldehyde • Always use a fume hood when working with carcinogens

46. Corrosives • Damage skin and eyes upon contact • Damage your respiratory tract if inhaled • Examples include: • Hydrochloric acid and Sulfuric acid • Sodium hydroxide and Ammonium hydroxide • Store corrosives below eye level • Use eye protection, wear protective gloves and a laboratory coat • If airborne exposure is suspected, use a fume hood • If splashed in your eyes or on your body, wash the effected area with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention

47. Flammable Liquids • Have flash points below 100oF • Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite if exposed to a source of ignition Examples: • Hexane • Toluene • Xylene • Benzene • Ethanol • Isopropyl alcohol • Ethylene glycol • Ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran • Acetone • Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate

48. Handling flammable liquids • Keep away from sources of ignition • Refrigerators used to store flammables must be explosion proof • Cold rooms are not appropriate storage locations for flammable liquids • Should be stored in a flammable storage cabinet

49. Oxidizers • Oxidizers are chemicals that support combustion • Oxidizers should never be stored with flammable liquids • Examples include • Oxygen, chlorine, peroxides, nitric acid, perchlorates, and permanganates

50. Cryogens • Cryogens are chemicals that have temperatures below NEGATIVE 100oF. Examples include helium and nitrogen • Can cause severe damage to your skin or eyes • Wear gloves designed for working with cryogens and a face shield