Implementing Intelligent Vehicles for Sustainable Transportation Solutions

1. Mother Teresa University – Skopje INTELIGENT VEHICLES Olıvera Petrovska, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University Mother Teresa-Skopje VesnaAntoska-Knights, Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences – Veles Andon Petrovski, 24ING Bitola Jovan Hristoski, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University Mother Teresa-Skopje Skopje • Macedonia • November 02-03, 2018 2nd International Conference “Towards Sustainable Development”–TSD2018

2. Introduction • Intelligent Vehicles • Enhanced with perception, reasoning, and actuating devices that enable the automation of driving tasks • Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is application to minimize the impact of psycho-physical characteristics of the driver, or to try to minimize possible driver errors in order to improve • safety • mobility and • efficiency Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

3. Introduction • Current generation of vehicles is already equipped with: • different kinds of sensors, • CPUs, • software systems, and • communication capacities • IT enables elements in the transportation system- vehicles, roads, traffic lights, message signs to become intelligent by • embedding them with microchips and sensors and • empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

4. Introduction Technologies Associated with Real-Time Traffic Information Systems Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

5. Introduction ITS applications are grouped in five categories: • Advanced Traveler Information Systems provide drivers with real-time information • Advanced Transportation Management Systems include traffic control devices • ITS-Enabled Transportation Pricing Systems in­clude systems such as electronic toll collection (ETC) • Advanced Public Transportation Systems – passengers can be informed of their real-time status (arrival and departure information) • Fully integrated intelligent transportation systems - vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) integration Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

6. ITS APLICATIONS IN VEHICLESACC – Adaptive Cruise Control The system analyzes vehicle data, such as: ACC is one of the most advanced ITS applications with the highest degree of autonomy and is designed to improve: safety driving comfort and traffic flow efficiency • speed movement and steering angle, • data from radar detector, • distance from the object, • relative speed and angle, and • the strength radar beam Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

7. ITS APLICATIONS IN VEHICLES LDWS – Lane Departure Warning System Traffic control system - recognize lane markings on the road and alerts the driver when it predicts the vehicle is going to inadvertentlydepart from its traffic lane. • Passive system - which warns the driver with sound, vibration… • Active system - that warns the driver, if necessary, to correct the path of the vehicle to keep it in the traffic lane Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

8. ITS APLICATIONS IN VEHICLES Traffic sign recognition (TSR) • part of the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) • TSR system - detection of TS and displaying the driver in the vehicle • VGA camera • speed to 250 km/h, • horizontal distance of 10m • vertical distance of 7m Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

9. ITS APLICATIONS IN VEHICLES V2V – Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless technology - exchange information and data between two or more vehicles Data include: • speed of movement, • location, • direction of vehicle movement, • data braking, • loss of stability Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

10. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF INTELEGENT VEHICLES • 1977 - empirical vehicle longitudinal dynamics model • 1985 - digital observer/controller • 1992 - longitudinal dynamics of a platoon • 1993 - kinematic model of a moving vehicle • 1997 - discrete-time model of a traffic flow of a computer driven vehicles • 1997 - computer controlled brake system (nonlinear model is feedback linearized) • 1997 - vehicle following control law that includes actuator delays • 1998 - fuzzy logic controller (moving vehicle is able to search for an object in space and recognize a stimulant traffic signal) • 1999 - mathematical model of an intelligent cruise control Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

11. BENEFITS OF INTELEGENT VEHICLES Social, environmental, and economical benefits • Reduction to 90% of traffic accidents • Decrease fuel consumption and polluting emissions • Increase road network capacity • Maintain smooth traffic flow Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

12. CONCLUSION • The IV, as the key technology of ITS, is one of the numerous high-tech integrated carriers • Main task of equipment of IV is to coordinate cooperation of all electronic and mechanical components of the vehicle and to communicate between other road users • The big challenge for intelligent transport systems is to reduce the dangerous human behavior on the road Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018

13. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ! Mother Teresa University – Skopje 2nd International Conference – TSD2018