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The Evolution of Robotic Prosthetics

The Evolution of Robotic Prosthetics. Sam Hammock & Nick Bui. Activity . Upper Body-Write on the Board & Throw Ball. Key Questions. What do you need for an effective prosthetic? What makes a prosthetic effective? How has the priority of prosthetics changed over time?

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The Evolution of Robotic Prosthetics

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  1. The Evolution of Robotic Prosthetics Sam Hammock & Nick Bui

  2. Activity Upper Body-Write on the Board & Throw Ball

  3. Key Questions What do you need for an effective prosthetic? What makes a prosthetic effective? How has the priority of prosthetics changed over time? How has the psychosocial aspect of prosthetics changed over time?

  4. Psychosocial effects older patients: harder to cope younger patients: easier to adapt cause of amputation matters -appreciation for individuality -depression and negative associations

  5. What is a prosthetic? Prosthetic: an artificial body part that serves to replace the cosmetic and functional processes of the initial limb Internal eg: total joint replacements External eg: for amputees We are focusing on External Prosthetics

  6. From the Very Beginning -In 2000, an artificial big toe was found on the foot of an Egyptian mummy named the Greville Chester Great Toe that dates back anywhere from 1295 to 664 B.C

  7. It’s been around for awhile... -Greek and Roman Times -little advancement throughout history -evolution coincides with technological evolution

  8. The Greeks and Romans -In ancient times most Greeks and Romans only used prosthetics to hide their missing limbs and not for functionality -Historical account of Marcus Sergius, a Roman general who lost his right hand in battle, making a prosthetic hand out of iron to hold his shield and returning to battle

  9. First Materials -The earliest form of prosthetics were made out of wood and metal and held together by leather attachments and continued to be made this way for a long period of time Supposed to be leather... + + = ???

  10. Wood, Metal, and Leather Limitations Majority of evolutionary timeline performed basic mechanics extremely limited flexibility minimal control

  11. Progress - Ambroise Pare -French military doctor Ambroise Pare contributed some of the first major advances in prosthetics in the early 16th century -Pare invented a hinged mechanical hand that used catches and springs as well as prosthetic legs that featured locking knees and specialized attachment harnesses

  12. More Progress - Pieter Verduyn -Around the 1690s a Dutch surgeon, Pieter Verduyn, developed a lower leg prosthetic with specialized hinges and a leather cuff for improved attachment to the body -Verduyn’s and Pare’s contributions to prosthetics are common features in many modern day prosthetics

  13. Introduction of Anesthesia -With the discovery of gaseous anesthesia in the 1840s doctors could perform more complex and long amputation surgeries which allowed them to prepare the limb stump for interfacing with the prosthetic -Other advances such as germ free surgeries caused the success rate for amputation to increase thus increasing the demand for prosthetics

  14. Out with the old and in with the new -A major difference between modern prosthetic limbs and ancient ones is the material -With modern day science new materials such as advanced plastics and carbon-fiber composites were created to make lighter and stronger prosthetic limbs

  15. Major Advances in Modern Prosthetics -Bluetooth -microprocessors -myoelectric technology -Targeted muscle reinnervation -3D printing

  16. Bluetooth -Small wireless range -battery operated -Made with a motor inside of them to mimic the motions of the other leg in order to walk

  17. Benefits of Bluetooth Prosthetics -Older prosthetics could cause great strain on already damaged muscles by requiring them to lug around a giant hunk of wood or metal -New bluetooth prosthetics have a motor built into them so users don’t have to expend as much energy when using them allowing for more freedom without using as much energy

  18. Bluetooth prosthetics at work -Marine Joshua Bleil lost both of his legs in a bombing in Iraq but now thanks to the technology of bluetooth prosthetic legs he is regaining the ability to walk again -The bluetooth prosthetic legs mimic each others actions in order to walk when force is applied by the thighs. They will also stop walking when resistance is applied -http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/01/25/bluetooth.legs/#cnnSTCVideo

  19. Microprocessors -mainly used for prosthetics involving the knee (above knee amputations) -prevents buckling by monitoring fluid in knee by using a microprocessor in the knee -Microprocessor knees have an internal computer inside of them that monitors the fluid in the knee so the wearer can walk efficiently at different speeds and up and down ramps/stairs

  20. The C-Leg -The c-leg is the main brand of prosthetics out there right now that uses microprocessing technology -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUa9WmSHqdk

  21. Myoelectric Technology • Upper Body • muscle sensors at amputated site communicate with prosthetic • allows for more precise movement • uses a battery and electric motors to detect muscle,nerve, and EMG activity which is then translated into movement via motors in prosthetic -Electromyography- skeletal system

  22. Myoelectric Technology • suction technology rather than straps • greater dexterity and functionality • cons: weight and cost • varied muscle intensity controls strength and speed • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qUPnnROxvY

  23. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation -couples with myoelectric technology -Involves a surgery that reassigns nerves that would have controlled the limb into another part of the body so all you would have to do is think about moving the prosthetics and it would move!

  24. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation -Process can take about a year or longer -Amputation above the elbow or shoulder within the last 10 years -usually fitted for a myoelectric prosthetic arm

  25. With the new advancements in prosthetics that make them so great why doesn’t everyone who needs them have one?

  26. 3D Printing -With the advancements in prosthetics making them so expensive, some ranging from tens of thousands of dollar it would be much cheaper to replace the limb with a metal rod -So a new method of making functional prosthetics was created, 3D printing, which was much cheaper but still effective http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dI-dNE2yQ0

  27. The Future of prosthetics -While there is still a long way to go this is what future scientists and inventors hope to accomplish with prosthetics: -Future prosthetic limbs will be immersed in our flesh instead of being placed outside of it -Athletes will be able to create prosthetics that are perfectly tailored to their bodies and replace old limbs that are worn out

  28. Not Only In Humans! -Prosthetics aren’t just for humans! -Buttercup the duck was born with a foot deformity and was unable to swim or walk -Flexible silicone prosthetic foot was developed for Buttercup using 3D modeling -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ewU8ZIf3Bg

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