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Urinary System: The Kid Knee!

Explore the anatomy and functions of the urinary system, including the kidney, renal artery, ureters, peristalsis, stretch receptors, and the process of urine formation. Discover the intricacies of the nephron and learn about pressure filtration, selective re-absorption, tubular secretion, and more.

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Urinary System: The Kid Knee!

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  1. Jeopardy Biology 12: Urinary System

  2. THE KID KNEE! 100 Urine collects here in the kidney • Renal pelvis • Board

  3. THE KID KNEE! 200 This artery carries blood to the kidney • The renal artery • Board

  4. THE KID KNEE! 400 These carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder • Ureters • Board

  5. THE KID KNEE! 600 This process carries urine down the ureter • Peristalsis • Board

  6. THE KID KNEE! 800 These are located in the urinary bladder and trigger urination • Stretch receptors • Board

  7. THE KID KNEE! 1000 Trace a urea molecule and a glucose molecule from the renal artery to the urethra/renal vein • UREA: Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT, collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra • GLUCOSE: renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, efferent arteriole, renal vein • Board

  8. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 100 This is a delicate ball of capillaries • Glomerulus • Board

  9. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 200 This structure starts in the renal cortex, goes into the renal medulla but goes back to the renal cortex • Loop of Henle • Board

  10. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 400 This the network of capillaries that are branched from the efferent arteriole • Peritubular capillaries • Board

  11. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 600 These 3 structures are only found in the renal cortex • Bowmen’s capsule, PCT and DCT • Board

  12. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 800 Many nephrons join to form one of these • Collecting duct Board

  13. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 1000 These parts of a nephron are thicker due to the abundance of transport proteins in the lining of the tubules • PCT, DCT and last portion of the ascending LOH • Board

  14. MAKING URINE! 100 Pressure filtration occurs between these two structures • Glomerulus and Bowmen’s capsule • Board

  15. MAKING URINE! 200 These _________ molecules make up the ________ inside the nephron • Small, filtrate • Board

  16. MAKING URINE! 400 This molecule is required during the process of selective re-absorption, without it, re-absorption would not happen • ATP • Board

  17. MAKING URINE! 600 These are an example of molecules that are reabsorbed that do not require ATP • Water, Cl- (they follow the Na+ as its being pumped out of the PCT) • Board

  18. MAKING URINE! 800 Water passes through the ________ portion of the LOH by ___________. • Descending, osmosis • Board

  19. MAKING URINE! 1000 The filtrate in the descending LOH becomes “salty” for these reasons • - loss of water (osmosis) due to going into an hypertonic environment (the renal medulla) • Board

  20. MAKING MORE URINE! 100 The descending LOH is permeable to ____ and the ascending LOH is permeable to ____ • Water, Na+ • Board

  21. MAKING MORE URINE! 200 This molecule is necessary for tubular secretion to occur • ATP • Board

  22. MAKING MORE URINE! 400 Blood pH adjustments occur • DCT • Board

  23. MAKING MORE URINE! 600 If blood has a low pH what will happen to H+ and HCO3- re-absorption into the blood? • HCO3- absorption will go up and H+ will go down • Board

  24. MAKING MORE URINE! 800 The ascending LOH moves Na+ out of the filtrate by _______ and _______ • Diffusion, active transport • Board

  25. MAKING MORE URINE! 1000 Its necessary to use active transport to pump Na+ out of the filtrate in the ascending LOH for this reason. • The Na+ concentration in the filtrate is greater (compared to the Na+ concentration in the blood) at the bottom of the LOH, but lessens as it ascends the LOH. So Na+ requires pumps to move out of the filtrate as the gradient itself no longer enough • Board

  26. YES! MORE WATER! 100 Water re-absorption occurs the most in this portion of the kidney • Renal medulla • Board

  27. YES! MORE WATER! 200 In these portions of the nephron water is re-absorbed • Collecting duct, descending LOH and PCT • Board

  28. YES! MORE WATER! 400 ADH secretion from the ________, which is triggered by _________, and acts on the _______ • Posterior pituitary, lower blood volume, collecting duct • Board

  29. YES! MORE WATER! 600 Higher levels of ADH do this to the volume of urine • Decrease it • Board

  30. YES! MORE WATER! 800 Alcohol does this to ADH secretion and as a result does this to urine volume • Inhibits, increases • Board

  31. YES! MORE WATER! 1000 If blood pressure drops due to low Na+ levels this happens • Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex  causes an increase in Na+ re-absorption (and K + excretion) in the DCT  causes more water re-absorption in the collecting duct  less urine and increased blood pressure  aldosterone release stops • Board

  32. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 100 Sodium retention occurs here in the nephron • Ascending LOH Board

  33. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 200 Coffee is a diuretic because is does this • Increases blood volume by causing water retention which increases pressure filtration  more urine • Board

  34. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 400 Finding glucose in the urine indicates this • Possible diabetes; greater urine flows as less water is re-absorbed • Board

  35. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 600 This molecule is maximally filtered and reabsorbed • Glucose • Board

  36. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 800 Urea is made by the ______ but excreted by the ______ • Liver, kidney • Board

  37. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 1000 How does the hypothalamus function in urine formation • Low levels of blood volume  cause the hypothalamus to secrete ADH  causes the posterior pituitary to release ADH into the blood  causes collecting duct to increase water re-absorption  increases blood volume so hypothalamus stops ADH production (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK) • Board

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