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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Draw a longitude line. Explain why the prime meridian and meridian are two different lines. Why does Earth have more than one pole? Why are cardinal directions a more accurate way of giving directions?. Mapping the Earth’s Surface. Cartography – the science of map making.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • Draw a longitude line. • Explain why the prime meridian and meridian are two different lines. • Why does Earth have more than one pole? • Why are cardinal directions a more accurate way of giving directions?

  2. Mapping the Earth’s Surface • Cartography – the science of map making.

  3. Maps are Models of the Earth • A globe is the most accurate model of the Earth because it eliminates distortion.

  4. Mapping the Earth’s Surface • What are some issues with mapping the Earth’s surface on a map? • Trying to put a 3d sphere on a 2d piece of paper • Objects become distorted ex. Iceland

  5. Map Projections • All maps have some sort of distortion. • Maps that show larger areas have more distortion than maps that show a smaller area.

  6. Map Projections • Map projections are based on three different shapes. • Cylinders • Cones • Planes

  7. Mercator Projection • Mercator Projection –a map projection that is made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a cylinder. • Touches the globe at the equator but distance between the map and globe increase as you move up in longitude.

  8. Mercator Projection • Longitude and Latitude are shown as straight lines. • Distance between two points are shorter when using curved lines. • Areas near the poles tend to look larger than objects located along the equator. • Ex. Greenland and Africa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuuluAq4TtU&feature=related

  9. Mercator Projection

  10. Conic Projection • Conic Projection – a map projection that is made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a cone. • No distortion along the line of latitude where the globe touches the cone. • Used to map larger areas that have more area east to west like the united states.

  11. Gnomic Projection • Gnomic Projection – a map projection that is made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a plane. • Touches the globe at only one point. • Usually is used to map the poles. • Distortion of direction, distance, and shape increases as you move away from the point of contact.

  12. Robinson Projection • Created in 1963 by Arthur Robinson • Latitude projected as straight lines and Longitude are projected as curved lines.

  13. Robinson Projection • Has Less distortion near the poles. • Features within 45 degrees of the equator are closer to their true dimensions. • Distance along each latitude lines are true but the scales change.

  14. Output: Map Projections

  15. Information on Maps • Regardless of the type of map you are using it should include some of the following the more of this information a map has the more accurate it will be.:(pg46) • Title • Compass rose • Scale • Legend • Date

  16. Modern Mapmaking • Remote Sensing – the process of gathering and analyzing information about an object without physically being in touch with the object. • An Example of remote sensing include: • Taking pictures from and Airplane • Sophisticated technology of Satellites

  17. Geostationary Orbit • A type of satellite orbit that takes 24 hours to complete one orbit of the Earth. • Helps to identify changing weather in a geographical location.

  18. Polar Orbit • A satellite orbits the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. • Occurs every 90 minutes. • Weather satellites can observe the change in the world weather in 1 day.

  19. Remote sensing using radar • Radar is a tool that uses waves of energy to map earth surfaces. • Waves are sent from a satellite to the area being observed and then sent back to the satellite. • The speed of the light that returns is measured and analyzed to create a picture. • Radar has the ability to move through clouds and water.

  20. Global Positioning System • Global positioning system (GPS) – a system of orbiting satellites that send radio signals to receivers on Earth. • GPS History • Invented in the 1970’s by the U.S. Department of defense for military use. • GPS is now used by boaters, pilots, and car drivers.

  21. Geographic Information Systems • Geographic information System (GIS) – is a computerized system that allows a user to enter different types of information about an area. • This information can then be used to make complex analyses or display maps.

  22. End of Section 2.2

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