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OUTGASSING TORRENTIAL RAINS PRODUCED LAKES AND OCEANS DISSOLVED AND UNDISSOLVED ELEMENTS

Water: An Earth History. OUTGASSING TORRENTIAL RAINS PRODUCED LAKES AND OCEANS DISSOLVED AND UNDISSOLVED ELEMENTS PRESENT VOLUME 1,360,000,000 km 3 VOLUME IS STABLE. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE. Water Reservoir. Oceans. 97.24%. Ice caps, glaciers. 2.14%. Ground water. 0.61%.

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OUTGASSING TORRENTIAL RAINS PRODUCED LAKES AND OCEANS DISSOLVED AND UNDISSOLVED ELEMENTS

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  1. Water: An Earth History OUTGASSING TORRENTIAL RAINS PRODUCED LAKES AND OCEANS DISSOLVED AND UNDISSOLVED ELEMENTS PRESENT VOLUME 1,360,000,000 km3 VOLUME IS STABLE

  2. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

  3. Water Reservoir Oceans 97.24% Ice caps, glaciers 2.14% Ground water 0.61% Fresh-water lakes 0.009% Inland seas 0.008% Soil moisture 0.005% Atmosphere <0.001% Rivers <0.0001% Source: U.S. Geological Survey

  4. The Water Molecule

  5. ICE

  6. Evaporation Some fast-moving molecules escape from the liquid

  7. In cool air, H2O molecules are more likely to join nuclei

  8. CHANGES DOES NOT CHANGE

  9. ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY MASS / VOLUME g H2O / m3 air

  10. SPECIFIC HUMIDITY Specific humidity: the mass of water vapour (g) per mass of air (kg) Maximum specific humidity is the maximum mass of water vapour that can be held by 1kg of air at a given temperature

  11. MIXING RATIO MASS OF WATER VAPOUR TOTAL MASS OF DRY AIR g H2O / kg air

  12. RELATIVE HUMIDITY The ratio of the amount of water vapour in the air to the maximum amount of water vapour that could be present at the same temperature The relative humidity of saturated air is 100% RH = [H20 vapour content/H20 capacity] x 100

  13. VAPOUR PRESSURE The portion of atmospheric pressure that is made up of water vapour molecules (mb or kPa) SATURATED VAPOUR PRESSURE: The pressure that water vapour molecules would exert if the air were saturated (at a given temperature)

  14. VAPOUR PRESSURE vs. TEMPERATURE

  15. DIURNAL PATTERN OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY

  16. SPECIFICHUMIDITY RELATIVE HUMIDITY

  17. SUMMER HUMIDITY

  18. DEW POINT

  19. Sling psychrometer

  20. http://www.csgnetwork.com/canhumidexcalc.html

  21. DEW

  22. FROST

  23. HOAR FROST Why do surfaces facing the wind have more frost?

  24. BLACK FROST

  25. CONDENSATION NUCLEI • A surface is required for condensation • Condensation nuclei >0.1 m best • About 10-1000 large nuclei per cm3 • (more in lower troposphere and over land) • Hygroscopic or hydrophobic Source: Dust, volcanoes, factory smoke, forest fires, ocean spray salt, sulphate particles from phytoplankton

  26. DRY HAZE

  27. WET HAZE

  28. RADIATION FOG

  29. VALLEY FOG

  30. Fog formsif Td is reached A little review...

  31. ADVECTION FOG Cold water advection fog

  32. WHY DOES FOGFORM HERE?

  33. HEADLANDS FOG

  34. ADVECTION FOG Warm water advection fog

  35. CAN ADVECTION FOG FORM OVER LAND MASSES? YES

  36. UPSLOPE FOG

  37. Base camp 2º30´25´´N, 77º00´02´´W, 1450 m Tambito al Cocal River Field Station

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