1 / 38

Mineral s

Mineral s. What is a mineral?. Solid Not a liquid or gas Naturally Occurring Found in nature , not man-made Inorganic Is not alive and never was , non-living Fixed composition

jin-mcguire
Download Presentation

Mineral s

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Minerals

  2. What is a mineral? • Solid • Not a liquid or gas • Naturally Occurring • Found in nature, not man-made • Inorganic • Is not alive and never was, non-living • Fixed composition • Has a chemical formula, most are formed from compounds of two or more elements, some minerals consist of one element ex. Au, FeS • Crystal Form • A definite structure in which atoms are arranged

  3. Define a mineral. • A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.

  4. How can I determine it is a mineral? • Is it non-living material? • Is it a solid? • Is it formed in nature? • Does it have a crystalline structure? The next few slides show an assortment of items. As a group, categorize the items as either: MineralsorNon-Minerals.

  5. Please make this chart below • Minerals • Non-Minerals

  6. Wood

  7. Gold

  8. Fossil

  9. Topaz

  10. Bones

  11. Granite

  12. Quartz

  13. Pearls

  14. Talc

  15. Ice

  16. Diamond

  17. Coal

  18. Rock Salt

  19. And the answers are… • Minerals • Gold • Topaz • Quartz • Talc • Iceberg • Diamonds • Non-Minerals • Wood - once living • Fossils – once living • Bone - living material • Granite - intrusive igneous rock • Pearls – made by oysters • Coal - Sedimentary rock • Rock Salt – Sedimentary rock

  20. Identifying Minerals

  21. What properties identify minerals? • Color • Streak • Luster • Density • Hardness • Crystal System • Cleavage and fracture • Special Properties

  22. What properties identify minerals? • Color – a physical property • Often not enough info. PYRITE GOLD CHALCOPYRITE

  23. What properties identify minerals? • Streak – color of its powder. • Test – drag across porcelain tile • Often different than color Streak plate showing magnetite with gray streak (left) and hematite with reddish-brown streak (right).  Photo by M. Minitti, ASU/CMS.

  24. What properties identify minerals? • Luster – describes how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface. • Metallic, Sub Metallic, Glassy, Silky, Waxy/Greasy, Earthy

  25. What properties identify minerals?

  26. What properties identify minerals? • Density – mass per volume • Can compare by picking up like sized pieces

  27. What properties identify minerals? • Hardness – can it scratch or is it scratched by another mineral. • Test – scratch test • Mohs Hardness scale • Ranks 10 minerals • Talc, gypsum, calcite, flourite, apatite, feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond. • What if the mineral isn’t on the list • Try scratching one that is.

  28. HOW MINERALS FORM?

  29. How do minerals form? • Crystallization – The process by whichatomsarearranged to form a materialwitha crystal structure

  30. Two ways that minerals form? • Crystallization of magma and lava • Crystallization of materials dissolved in water

  31. Two ways that minerals form? • Magma cools inside the crust and lava cools on the surface • Both will form crystals • Size of crystals depends on: • Rate of cooling • Slow = large crystals • Amount of gas • Chemical composition

  32. Two ways that minerals form? • Minerals dissolved in solutions • Evaporation • When a solution with minerals dissolved in it evaporates the crystals are left behind • Halite, Gypsum, Calcite • Hot water solutions • Magma heats water , minerals dissolve, water cools and minerals crystallize. • Metals dissolve and flow through rocks to form veins.

  33. Uses of Minerals

  34. Describe three uses of minerals. • Gemstones • Rubies, sapphires • Metals • Aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold • Other • Food , Medicines, Fertilizers, Building Materials

  35. Describe the processes used to get minerals. • Metals  Minerals • Remove rock from ground containing mineral. • Process to extract mineral or Ore. • Ore – rock that contains metal or useful mineral that can be mined and sold for profit

  36. Describe the processes used to get minerals. • Prospecting – looking for ore deposits. • Studying maps to find where ores may occur • Mining – removing ore from ground • Strip mines – scrape soil to expose ore • Open pit mines – huge pit to find ore • Shaft mines – network of tunnels following veins of ore.

  37. Describe the processes used to get minerals. • Smelting – ore is mixed with other substances and then melted to separate useful metal or element. • Removing impurities • May add other things to make • Alloys – solid mixture of two or more elements

  38. Describe the processes used to get minerals.

More Related