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Criticality of SRHR in the Achievement of the MDGs

Criticality of SRHR in the Achievement of the MDGs. A look at History. Bet 1980-1996 Rapidly rising incomes – 15 countries Reducing incomes – 100 countries Average incomes in nineties less than eighties – 70 countries Bet 1990-1993 Average incomes fell by 20% - 21 countries.

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Criticality of SRHR in the Achievement of the MDGs

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  1. Criticality of SRHR in the Achievement of the MDGs

  2. A look at History • Bet 1980-1996 • Rapidly rising incomes – 15 countries • Reducing incomes – 100 countries • Average incomes in nineties less than eighties – 70 countries • Bet 1990-1993 • Average incomes fell by 20% - 21 countries

  3. Rationale for the Millennium Summit • Unprecedented decline in incomes • Exceeding in depth and duration – the Great Depression of the 1930’s • The spirit of the MDGs is therefore improving people’s lines/livelihoods and well being – Human Development

  4. There is now enough evidence • Human lives and human well being cannot be achieved unless we see men and women as sexual beings • Sexuality and well being is “indivisible.” • Sexual well being is linked to development indicators like morbidity, mortality, crime, environment, human capital generation,per capita incomes ….

  5. Report of The Millennium Project- An Opportunity • MDG focus on women and girl’s reproductive health • Each community to have expertise on health education nutrition … • High level countries to increase ODA to 0.7% of GDP no later than 2015

  6. Gaps and Weaknesses • Inadequacy of MDG Targets in capturing the goals • Can women’s literacy=access to employment=decision making?

  7. Targets Poverty – Reducing hunger Women’s empowerment – eliminate gender disparities in education Aspirations Reducing all forms of deprivation and access Promotion of post primary education Guaranteeing SRHR Investing in infrastructure to reduce women’s time burden’s Combating violence against women MDGs – Realisation of Targets or Realisation of Aspirations?

  8. Understanding Poverty – The Capability Poverty Measure • Human deprivation occurs in a number of critical dimensions • Lack of income is just one dimension of human poverty • Increasing income is a means to reduce other forms of deprivation not an end

  9. Capability Poverty Measure – Expansion of Capacities • Improved Capacities are ends in poverty eradication • Improved Incomes are means for poverty eradication

  10. The CPM is anchored on the following - Leading a life free of avoidable morbidity Being informed of the risks to life and being educated Being healthy and well nourished Indicators to measure these indicators Trained Health Personnel to attend births Existence of female illiteracy Per capita incomes Human Capabilities needed to eradicate human poverty

  11. Sri Lanka Maldives Pakistan India Afganistan Bangladesh Nepal 26 53 87 89 99 100 101 South Asia Fares very low

  12. To Escape the Poverty Trap • Country’s human capital stock must increase • Poor people – high fertility- cannot invest in human capabilities • High fertility – increases poverty – reduces chances of investment in human capital

  13. A Nation’s Wealth

  14. People below poverty line Poor as a percentage of total population Rural populations as a share of total Percentage of poor people in rural areas 431 million 31% 72% 77% Progress of MDGs in South Asia

  15. The Increase of HIV/AIDS – a result of deprivation • Half of the 333 million cases of STIs across the world are in Asia. India has 17% of these cases[1]. • An abnormal pap smear was found to be 3.5 times more likely in women living with HIV. • The prevalence of HIV in STD clinic attendees in Pune in India was 43%[2]. • Only 12% of women in Bihar and Gujarat (2 states of India) know that condom could prevent HIV/AIDS[3]. • In Bangladesh larger number of men continue to buy sex in greater proportion than anywhere else in the region and female sex workers in Bangladesh report the lowest condom use in the region. • In Pakistan a behavioral survey in Quetta recorded that over half of the injecting drug users visited sex workers and very few had ever used a condom[4]. [1] Source : Health and Population Occasional Paper-ODA [2] UNAIDS 2004 Report [3] BSS 2001 - NACO [4] UNAIDS 2004 Report

  16. Pertinent Posers • Could we have stopped the epidemic in Africa if we had invested prudently & strategically in reducing the incidence of STIs & RTIs on the African Continent? • Could we have stopped the epidemic in some African countries if we had not believed that countries with high literacy rates would be less vulnerable to HIV/AIDS? • Could we have stopped the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa by promoting the dual use of the condom in time? • Could we have stopped the epidemic in Africa if we had helped communities to “unlearn” the myths and rituals around sexuality?

  17. We Can Do It! • We are fortunate enough to translate the international language into actionable priorities; • We have the constituencies that can demand accountability as these discourses get realized; • We have the technical knowledge to bridge or fill any gaps and omissions; • We can move macro level projections from a fulfillment of numerical targets to a correction of substantive asymmetries.

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