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Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties: Density and Practical Applications

In this lesson, we will explore the key differences between physical and chemical properties, with a focus on density. Students will learn how to calculate density using the equation Density = Mass/Volume and apply this knowledge to everyday objects. Through examples and experiments, we will investigate the physical properties of substances, including water and common materials. Engage in hands-on activities to determine whether items float or sink based on their density. Gain a deeper understanding of how density affects our daily interactions with matter.

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Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties: Density and Practical Applications

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  1. Properties of Matter Chapter 2.2

  2. Learning targets for today… • Discuss the differences between physical and chemical properties • Calculate densities using the density equation, and see how density applies to things we see everyday • Practice using density! • See a few demos and try to explain what you see!

  3. In your notebook, describe Fluffy…

  4. Physical Properties • White, fluffy, soft, squishy, smelly(?), small, hairy… • These are all physical properties!...ways you can identify something on the surface level • What else could a physical property be? • Let’s jump back to H2O • Describe the physical properties of water • Hint:

  5. So…let’s make a list! • Physical Properties include… • Color • Shape • Mass • Volume • Melting Point (temperature and pressure at which at solid becomes a liquid) • Boiling Point (temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas) • Density!

  6. What is density? • Density = Mass / Volume • Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance • What are the units of density?? • Units of mass = ….? • Units of volume = ….? • Volume = length x width x height • Volume = cm x cm x cm = cm³ 1 cm³ = 1mL grams cm³ or mL

  7. Units of Density • Units of mass = ….? grams • Units of volume = ….? cm³ or mL • So, what are the units for density? • Density = Mass/Volume • Units of density = grams/cm³ or grams/mL • How can we manipulate this equation? • If we want to solve for mass, Mass = Density x Volume • If we want to solve for volume, Volume = Mass / Density

  8. A little trick… • Cover up the variable you are solving for… • With the remaining two variables, • Multiply them if they are side by side • Divide them if one is above the other

  9. Let’s practice density • A sample of water has a volume of 10 cm³ and weighs 10 grams. What is its density? • Answer: 1 g/cm³ = density of water • (KNOW THIS!—This will be a test question • Also, it will help you determine what will float and what will sink in water!

  10. Density • How will density relate to what will float and what will sink in water? • Will a blown up balloon float or sink in water? • Float! Why? Because it is less dense than water.

  11. General Rule • Substances that are less dense will rise above substances that are more dense. • If a substance has a density greater than the substance it’s in, it will sink… • Which has a greater density? Oil or water? Less dense—”floats” More dense—”sinks”

  12. Density in the office… • Michael Scott wants to discover the density of his coffee mug. The volume of his coffee mug is 24 cm³ and when he put it on the digital scale, it showed a mass of 48 grams. What is the density of his coffee mug? • Answer: 2 g/cm³ • Will his mug float or sink in water? • Sink!

  13. Let’s look at another… • Pumice is a rock made from cooled lava where gas was dissolved into liquid to form a bubbly material in the solidified state. A piece of pumice is 10 grams and 40 cm³ in volume. What is its density? • Answer: 0.25 g/cm³ • Will this float or sink in water? • Float!

  14. Chick-Fil-A Story

  15. Soda vs. Diet Soda demo…Are all sodas created equal…? • Density Assignment Part 1: On a piece of paper… • Make a hypothesis about what will happen when I put a regular soda and diet soda in a container of water. Will they float or sink?? • Which has a greater density?

  16. Arrange your desks into a circle of 6 desks or so…Density Assignment Part 2: • Your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to decide if an egg will float… • Answer the following and record your data…

  17. Part 2: Egg Floating Experiment • Do you think an egg will float in water? • Based on your prediction before testing, do you think the density of an egg is greater than or less than 1 g/mL? • Actual results: • What could you do to alter the results? • What essentially have you done/manipulated from changing the original floating or sinking conditions?

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