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Press in Sub- Continent During and After 1857 Part III

This article discusses the history of the press in the sub-continent, focusing on the period after independence. It explores the contributions of Imroz, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Chiragh Hassan Hasrat, and Kohistan, Nasim Hijazi, in the development of the press. It also covers the emergence of photo-journalism, the influence of Ayub Khan's regime, press restrictions, and the role of media during the 1971 crisis.

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Press in Sub- Continent During and After 1857 Part III

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  1. Press in Sub- Continent During and After 1857Part III

  2. Press after Independence: Imroz & Kohistan • Imroz – Faiz Ahmad Faiz , ChiraghHassan Hasrat contributed to it. • Kohistan – NasimHijazi. Experimented with off set & Lithotype processes of printing. • Drawbacks of lithotype printing were that could not print pictures. • Photo-journalism started in 1953 with Lithotype. • 1953 – Communal Riots • 1957 – media were free • 1960 - most of the magazines were replaced by Digests • Progressive Papers Ltd. – Published Lail o Nehar, Pakistan Times

  3. Press after Independence • Literary personalities were affiliated, started progressive movement in Literature. • Ayub – took control, imposed Martial Law. Govt took over Progressive papers ltd. • Two independent News agencies were working, APP & PPI. • Ayub Khan banned International news agencies to distribute News directly to Media. • Press restrictions 1960 – 1963 • National Press Trust took over 60% newspapers • 1963 – Press Laws reformed without much flexibility • No commercial support to anti –government newspapers

  4. Ayub 1958 – 1969; Press restrictions & Ayub’s Period • Newspapers acquired dominant political tone • Decline in the readership motivated newspapers to publish different supplements on sports, women & youth. Gradual shift in focus • Imroz was the first to hire a woman reporter • Innovation in feature writing, features with pictures – social cultural aspect • Newspapers with film pages & film bulletins started their publication from different cities

  5. Set-back by television • 1964 – PTV television started and most of the writers shifted their attention to TV channels for paid content writing • Most of the newspapers were covering governments point of view • Government focus was on the masses to make them produce a homogenized reaction through newspapers • Newspapers did not have a public at that time. Public emerged through an effort.

  6. Yahya’ s regime 1969 - 1970 • General Yahya agreed to all demands • Revived Parliamentary system, revival of trade & student unions • Announced elections of May 1969 • Political parties launched their campaigns • Newspapers of Pakistan did not show any sense of responsibility, they reported speculations, rumors & blames of political parties

  7. PPO: Press & Publication Ordinance • Had not been used by Yahya’s govt., a mushroom growth of newspapers was seen. • Most of the newspapers resumed their publication • Politically biased reporting • Question of liberty with responsibility

  8. National Press trust: General Elections • Excessively emphasized that Rightist could win the elections • Results of the election were different • Newspapers created an impression that Awami League could never win the elections, same was the case with Peoples party • One-sided stance of newspapers • Keeping in view most of the political parties started their own newspapers • PPP – Musawat • Jamat e Islami – Jasarat • Azad was given a lot of credit for fair reporting

  9. Expected Role of Media during 1971 Crisis • Common language of communication. • English language barrier • English dailies from Bengal • Pakistan Observer – Dhakka • Morning News - Dhakka • Dawn – West Pakistan • Pakistan Times - West Pakistan • Area of influence was very small

  10. Expected Role of Media during 1971 Crisis • Never talked about the demands from East Bengal. Never gave just coverage & never projected true picture • Demand of official language • Exploitation of rights of representation in one unit • Ban on Awami League during 1970 • Military operation • MuktiBani Movement (Liberation front

  11. Newspapers after 1971 • After 1971 – media used as PR tool. Spokesperson for national interests & Development communication • Reported : Pessimism, economic crisis • Yahya handed over the government to Bhutto, leader of largest political party PPP

  12. Newspapers stance at the fall of Dhaka

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