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Imperialism

Imperialism. Reasons for Imperialism. Power Imperialists vie to be the most powerful by gaining the most land CONFLICT. Reasons for Imperialism. Economics Resources Raw Materials Markets Sell finished goods back. Reasons for Imperialism. Adventure

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism

  2. Reasons for Imperialism • Power • Imperialists vie to be the most powerful by gaining the most land • CONFLICT

  3. Reasons for Imperialism • Economics • Resources • Raw Materials • Markets • Sell finished goods back

  4. Reasons for Imperialism • Adventure • Rich – see new places, find new things • Working Class – move up social ladder

  5. Reasons for Imperialism • Attitude • Social Darwinism – Western way was the right way

  6. Reasons for Imperialism • Religion • Convert the “heathen” • Christianity drives this

  7. Forms of Imperialism • Colony – foreign power directly controls area • Protectorate – indiginous government kept as long as long as it did what the foreign power wanted • Puppet government • Sphere of Influence – foregn power rules through exclusive trade agreements

  8. Imperialization of Africa

  9. North Africa • French involvement • Algeria • Starting in 1830’s it takes France over 10 years and 100,000 soldiers to control Algeria • Opposed by Abd al Qadir • Tunisia – taken in 1881 • Morocco – sticking point, but taken by 1905 • 1,000,000 French in North Africa by 1905

  10. Abd al Qadir

  11. French in Algeria

  12. North Africa • British Involvement • Egypt – Suez Canal finished in 1869 • Egyptian government sells land to England to pay for debt. • People don’t like this and revolt against Egyptian government • England seizes Suez Canal • Sudan – taken in 1889 • French claim it too – compromise: British will recognize French claim to Morocco and keep Sudan

  13. Suez Canal

  14. Suez Canal

  15. North Africa • Italian Involvement • 1911 – takes Libya from Ottoman Empire • Checked with England and France • Not difficult • Vindication after loss in Ethiopia

  16. Sub-Saharan Africa • West Africa • Europe trading since 1700’s • “Triangular Trade” • Europeans push inward in 1870’s

  17. Triangular Trade

  18. Sub-Saharan Africa • Congo Region • King Leopold II of Belgium interested in reports from Henry Stanley • Reports from Congo River • Berlin Conference of 1884 • European Powers break up Africa • Leopold gets Congo Basin as private property

  19. Leopold II

  20. Berlin Conference Conference Resolution

  21. Sub-Saharan Africa • Congo Region continued • Congo Free State • Plantation owned by Leopold • Quotas given to people on rubber production • Failure led to maiming or death • “Currency of the Hands” • Carried out by Force Publique

  22. Effects of Force Publique

  23. Sub-Saharan Africa • Congo Region • Belgian government is made aware of problems in Congo State • Belgian Congress annexes Congo Free State in 1908

  24. Sub-Saharan Africa • Independent States • Liberia • Founded in 1822 by James Monroe • Freedmen could return to Africa • Protected by USA • Ethiopia • Attacked by Italy • King Menelik unites tribes and crushes Italians • No other country tries

  25. King Menelik

  26. South Africa • First settled by Dutch • Afrikaners – Dutch settlers • Boers – Dutch farmers • Became English possession after Napoleonic Wars • Outlaw slavery – Boers are NOT happy • Afrikaners move inland – Orange Free State and Transvaal

  27. South Africa

  28. South Africa • Boer War of 1899 • English defeat the Afrikaners • Ban slavery, but state that indigenous population can not participate in government • 1910 – Union of South Africa formed • Unites all the territories

  29. India • British began involvement in 1500’s • 1600 – East India Company formed • Defeat French at Battle of Plassey (1757) • Controls large regions of India

  30. Pre – Battle of Plassey

  31. East India Co. Control

  32. India • Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Upset over imposition of Western ideas • “Greased Bullet Rumor” • Bullets the Sepoys were using rumored to be greased with pig or cow fat • Offended religions of the area • Muslim – pigs to be avoided • Hindu – cows are sacred animals

  33. Sepoy Rebellion

  34. India • Sepoy Rebellion (continued) • Revolt lasts one year and then crushed by British • Results • East India Company dissolved • England brings India under direct control • Royal governor • Expands influence

  35. British Control

  36. India • India under Direct Control • Money and resources poured into India • Improve infrastructure • Discrimination • Western culture pushed; Indian culture destroyed • Forced to grow cotton instead of wheat • Causes food shortages

  37. China • Opium War • British traders smuggle opium in from India to trade for silk, tea, and porcelain • China tries to stop this and gets stomped • Unequal Treaties • After opium war, China is forced to sign “treaties” with England, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan

  38. Unequal Treaties

  39. China • Spheres of Influence • By 1900 China is broken into “spheres of influence” • USA misses out and pushes for “Open Door Policy”

  40. Spheres of Influence

  41. China • Boxer Rebellion • Empress CiXi uses the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists • secret society to drive out foriegn powers • 1900 - attack foriegners and Chinese Christians • foriegn nations send 25,000 troops to Beijing and crush the rebellion

  42. Boxer Rebellion

  43. China • Revolution of 1911 • CiXi allowed foriegn troops to stay in China • people want a republic • Kuomintang - United League • leader - Sun Yat-sen • 1908 - fail at revolution • CiXi dies • 2 year-old son becomes Emperor • 1911 - Royal Guard joins revolution against 2 year-old Emperor • Sun Yat-sen - China's first president

  44. CiXi and Sun Yat-sen

  45. Japan • IMPERIALIST • Meiji Restoration • Late 1800’s • Change traditional ways to modern, Western ways • Military updated – no more samuri • All aspects of society

  46. Meiji Restoration

  47. Japan • Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) • Helps Japan gain control of Korea and Manchuria • Japan gains concessions from Western power.

  48. Japan • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere • Not great (except for Japan), nor co-prosperity (Japan only one to make out) • “Cooperative” effort to rid East Asia of Western influence • Replace Western powers with Japan

  49. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

  50. Southeast Asia • French Indo-China • Modern day Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia • Reasons • Rival England – India • China • Resources • “Civilize” indigenous people • Treated people as inferior and pushed Western ways

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