EIWG and the Ice Crystal Icing Technology Roadmap

1. EIWG and the Ice Crystal Icing Technology Roadmap Jeanne Mason and Dave Dischinger Presented to Aerospace Ice Crystal Testing and Challenges November 30, 2011

2. Acronyms • EHWG – Engine Harmonization Working Group – ARAC committee on SLD and mixed phase icing – disbanded in 2007 • EIWG – Engine Icing Working Group – Focus on EHWG technology plan – initiated in 2009 • ICC – Ice Crystal Consortium – fundamental research on engine ice crystal icing & resolution of field events – initiated 2009 • ICI – Ice Crystal Icing – generic term for the accretions resulting from glaciated and mixed phase atmospheric conditions • HIWC – High Ice Water Content – Flight Campaign NASA, FAA, EC, TC, Boeing, Airbus • HAIC – High Altitude Ice Crystals – European Research Funded Project – Atmospheric and Fundamental Research

3. Agenda • EHWG and the Technology Plan - 2007 • EIWG Mission - 2009 • Roadmap Discussion

4. Working Group Activities • Engine Harmonization Working Group and Powerplant Installations Harmonization Working group Joint Committee was formed with engine manufacturers, airplane manufacturers, FAA, CAA and Transport Canada members – formed in 2003 • Tasked by the NTSB to develop draft rules for SLD and Mixed Phase Icing • Developed a database of 222 events related to engine (turbojets, turbofans, turboprops) icing for years 1989-2003 • Events were categorized as SLD, Mixed Phase/Glaciated, Appendix C • Glaciated/Mixed phase events were determined to be the leading cause of icing-related engine powerloss • Developed draft regulations and advisory material, as well as an environmental envelope defining the ice crystal threat – Appendix D to FAR 33 – Draft released in 2005

5. Engine Powerloss and Damage Events in ICI Since Appendix D defined, events continue to occur

6. Robust Means of Compliance Lacking • Draft advisory material allowed for similarity arguments to be used for compliance until more robust methods are available (AC20-147) • A technology plan was needed to develop these methods

7. EHWG Technology Plan • Technology Plan developed to address unknowns: Task 1: Improved instrumentation to measure atmosphere Task 2: Flight trials to characterize atmosphere (understand particle size, concentration and extent) Task 3: Fundamental physics of ice accretion and shedding Task 4: Test methods and facilities Reference: EHWG Technology Plan Document

8. EIWG Mission & Evolution • Mission: to foster discussion, partnerships and provide guidance for the research outlined in the EHWG technology plan for ice crystal icing • Affiliated with the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) • Yearly meetings, occasional telecons • Evolution: discussions on supercooled droplet icing have been included to address the NPRM and NPA on SLD and mixed phase icing • Current sub-committee: Defining Ground Icing Threat at Cold Temperatures

9. Current Participants of EIWG Participants at October 2011 Meeting: • Boeing, EASA, NASA, Environment Canada, Pratt & Whitney Canada, Hawker Beechcraft Corporation, Cessna Aircraft Company, General Electric Aviation, National Research Council of Canada, Rolls-Royce, Honeywell Aerospace, Airbus, SNECMA, Aerospace Industries Association, Pratt & Whitney, FAA, Williams International, Transport Canada, Science Engineering Associates

10. Task 1: Improved instrumentation to measure atmosphere Description Date Technology Gap Contact Expanded to include measurements in test cells and detection and sensors on aircraft/engines

11. Task 1: Improved instrumentation to measure atmosphere • Progress report: • Instruments ready for flight campaign  • Progress made for test cell measurement for rig tests (Multiwire, TATwet, Humidity) • Lacking devices for measuring inside the engine • Lacking improved sensors for inlet P, T

12. Task 2: Flight trials to characterize atmosphere (understand particle size, concentration and extent)

13. Task 2: Flight trials to characterize atmosphere (understand particle size, concentration and extent) • Progress Report: • Airbus flights valuable as initial confirmation of Appendix D, insight on flight planning/execution  • HIWC: excellent science plan, but too many years of program delays

14. Task 3: Fundamental physics of ice accretion and shedding

15. Task 3: Fundamental physics of ice accretion and shedding • The technology gap: future means of compliance must address potential for icing from the inlet sensor all the way to the front stages of the HPC Supercooled droplet icing Potential ice crystal accretion areas

16. Task 3: Fundamental physics of ice accretion and shedding • Progress Report: • Ice crystal consortium – unique gathering of experts to plan tests, underfunded, slow progress • Wedge airfoil tests are excellent approach to gain fundamental data. Expectations are high for valuable findings in the future • Scratching at the tip of the iceberg – many important physical effects not being researched yet • Lots of funded programs in place – good outlook

17. Task 4: Test methods and facilities Contact Description Date Technology Gap Jim Macleod

18. Task 4: Test methods and facilities Progress report: • Plans in place to provide testing for small engines both sea level and altitude • Plan for large engines relies on correlations from altitude to sea level to make outdoor sea level testing possible…not clear yet whether we can simulate altitude effects properly

19. Summary • Outlook for having knowledge to solve large engine in service events is a long way off • Opportunities abound for new partnerships to address the technology needs