AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS)

1. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) The Physics of AGN Flows as Revealed by Observations Doron Chelouche* Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton • Observations • Modeling • Testing • Results • Questions Outline *Chandra Fellow

2. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Hα Crenshaw et al. 1999 [OIII] AGN Das et al. 2005 Korista et al. (1993) Veilleux et al.2001 Observations BALQSOs: 15-25% of QSOs 0% of Seyferts Velocities of order 104 km/s Wide troughs Suggestive of radiation pressure acceleration NALQSOs: ~30% of quasars ~50% of Seyferts Velocities of order 103 km/s Narrow troughs observations Velocities of order 103km/s Observed in nearby objects

3. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) The X-ray Revolution observations • Many lines & edges • Large range of gas temperatures • Direct view of the ionizing continuum • Source variability

4. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) • Mass loss rate • Implications for AGN fueling • Understand how much (enriched) gas is injected into the host and IGM • Kinetic luminosity • Do quasars emit more than just photons? • What are the effects on the host and on the IGM – quasar feedback. • Launching radius • Relation to other quasar components (Accretion disk? BLR? Torus? NLR?) Because it’s there… Why do we care? motivation

5. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Crenshaw et al. 1999 Dessart & Owocki 2005 How to estimate the flow parameters? • Fit a (Gaussian) absorption line • Estimate the column density, NH • Measure the velocity, v • . • . BUT… modeling Do photoionization models help?

6. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Kaspi et al. (2002) NOT MUCH… Since the relevant physics is not included modeling

7. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Photoionization & dynamical modeling modeling

8. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Do we really need that level of sophistication? (the case of stellar winds) • Asymmetric UV emission lines • Symmetric X-ray lines modeling Owocki et al.

9. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Kaspi et al. (2002) One simple test… thermal thermal momentum vs. Radiativly driven testing Thermally driven

10. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) 30xsolar (for the low ionization component) Netzer et al. (2003) thermal testing

11. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Optically thick flows Optically thin flows Thermally driven Another simple test… collimated testing Temperature dependent velocity!

12. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Ionization potential Kaspi et al. 2002 NGC4151 NGC7469 NGC5548 NGC3783 testing Suggests flow components are co-spatial

13. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) A proposed model: Multiphase thermal wind NGC 3783 MCG-6-30-15 NGC 5548 • Photo-heating, radiative cooling, adiabatic cooling (NLTE) • Spherical geometry • Absorption and emission spectrum (escape probability) • Radiation pressure force results

14. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) results

15. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) Everett & Murray 2006 Das et al. 2005 Adiabatic cooling problem? results

16. AGN Outflows: Observations Doron Chelouche (IAS) • What is the source of the outflow? Torus? Stars? • Have we accounted for all heating processes? • Is thermal instability necessary to observe outflows? • Where is the dust? • What is the source for quasar feedback? • What happens in high-L quasars? • What happens in LINERs? • Is high-T gas prerequisite for “high” velocity outflows? • What is the relation to UV flows? questions