Animal Behavior

1. Animal Behavior Unlearned vs. Learned Behavior

2. Unlearned Behavior Characteristics of Unlearned Behavior • inherited • under controlled, uniform conditions, responses are automatic, stereotypical, rather inflexible • not forgotten

3. Unlearned Behavior 2 Types of Behavioral Responses • Kineses– undirected movements resulting in change of speed or turning responses • ex. Paramecium slows down, turns less frequently in favorable conditions

4. Unlearned Behavior 2 Types of Behavioral Responses • Taxes– directed orientations or movements of whole body away from or toward external stimuli • Ex. chemotaxis, geotaxis, phototaxis, thermotaxis, hydrotaxis, galvanotaxis/ electrotaxis, barotaxis, thigmotaxis (physical touch)

5. Learned Behavior 1. Behavior will change as a result of experience, not development.

6. Learned Behavior 2. learning is a process, memory is a record of the learning that took place • beewolf wasp locate nests • birds (ex. chickadees, nutcrackers) hide food and find locations without odor or visual sign

7. Learned Behavior • male Austrailianthynnine wasps that “mate” with orchid flowers that smell like female wasps remember not to go back to that particular orchid flower

8. Learned Behavior 3. non-associative • habituation – get used to/ ignore stimuli (ex. sensation of clothes) • sensitization – hypersensitive to stimuli (ex. electric shock)

9. Learned Behavior 4. associative learning – associate two stimuli or stimuli and response • contiguous – the two occur close together • improves with repetition • reinforcement is needed to maintain response (ex. reward) • extinction – reward removed, response gradually reduces and after time, disappears

10. Learned Behavior • associative learning • classical conditioning, e.g. Pavlov’s dog – metronome & meat powder • operant conditioning (trial-and-error), e.g. Skinner box - rat pushes lever correctly, then gets food