1. Which of the following particles is negatively charged?

1. 1. Which of the following particles is negatively charged? electron isotope neutron proton

2. 2. Identify the proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. substrates enzymes ions reactants

3. 3. What causes the overall charge of an atom to be zero? an equal number of protons and neutrons an equal number of protons and electrons an equal number of neutrons and electrons

4. 4. What provides the energy for all living processes? chemical bonds ionic compounds radioactive isotopes van der Waals forces

5. 5. How does an enzyme increase the rate of a chemical reaction? It acts as a reactant. It reduces the amount of heat produced. It increases the amount of product. It lowers the activation energy.

6. 6. What occurs at the active site in the enzyme substrate complex? An exothermic chemical reaction takes place. Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. The enzyme gets used up in the reaction. The substrates provide energy for the enzyme.

7. 7. What type of bonds attracts water molecules to each other and to other substances? covalent bonds double bonds hydrogen bonds ionic bonds

8. 8. Which ion, when released in water, causes a solution to be basic? Cl– OH– H+ Na+

9. 9. Which element do almost all biological molecules contain? carbon nitrogen phosphorus sodium

10. 10. What are fats, oils, and waxes composed of? lipids nucleotides polypeptides sugars

11. 11. What are the monomers that make up proteins? amino acids fatty acids glycerols nucleotides

12. 12. Which fruit contains a higher concentration of hydrogen ions? tomatoes bananas

13. 13. What do cellulose and chitin have in common? They are energy- storing polymers. They are found in the cells of animals. They are structural polysaccharides. They are composed of repeating sucrose units.

14. 14. Which polysaccharide stores energy in muscle and liver tissue? gluten glycogen starch sucrolose

15. 15. What is the function of this biological macromolecule? communicate signals between cells produce vitamins and hormones provide support and protection store and transmit genetic information

16. 16. Which is a characteristic of all lipids? They are saturated triglycerides. They do not dissolve in water. They are liquid at room temperature. They store less energy than carbohydrates.

17. 17. Which is not a part of the cell theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living things. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells arise only from previously existing cells. Cells are produced spontaneously as an organism grows.

18. 18. Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins? ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus nucleus, centriole, vacuole endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion

19. 19. Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed microscopes that enabled them to see organelles within the cells they observed. true false

20. 20. All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane. true false

21. 21. What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled them to develop more specific functions than prokaryotic cells? nucleus organelles genetic material (DNA) larger cell size

22. 22. Which term describes the function of proteins found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane? identifiers receptors supporters transporters

23. 23. In prokaryotic cells, where does the conversion of fuel particles into usable energy occur? cytoplasm DNA mitochondria ribosomes

24. 24. Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product? chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion

25. 25. In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy? chloroplast lysosome nucleus vacuole

26. 26. Which type of cellular transport does not require an input of energy? active transport endocytosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion

27. 27. How does osmosis occur between the two solutions separated by the selectively permeable membrane? Sugar moves to the left. Sugar moves to the right. Water moves to the left. Water moves to the right.

28. 28. Which diagram shows a cell in a hypotonic solution?

29. Answer:plasma membrane and phospholipid bilayer 29. Identify the structure represented by this image.

30. 30. _______ is the net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles of the substance. Diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Equilibrium

31. 31. What is the magnification of a compound light microscope that uses a 10X lens in series with a 25X lens? 2.5X 25X 35X 250X

32. 32. Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells? centrioles endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes

33. 33. In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis a single-celled organism that moves around its environment a white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses

34. 34. Why are the carrier proteins that move substances across a plasma membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration called pumps? They require energy to move substances against a concentration gradient. They open and close to allow substances to diffuse across the plasma membrane. They help with the osmosis of water through the plasma membrane. They pump water into the cell, causing the pressure within the cell to increase.

35. 35. Which statement describes the law of conservation of energy? Energy cannot be converted or destroyed. Energy can be converted and destroyed. Energy can be converted but not destroyed. Energy can be destroyed but not converted.

36. 36. In which metabolic process are molecules broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water? photosynthesis cellular respiration homeostasis fermentation

37. 37. At the end of the Calvin cycle, where is energy stored? NADPH ATP chloroplast glucose

38. 38. Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) such an important biological molecule? It captures light energy from the sun. It is produced in anabolic pathways. It stores and releases chemical energy. It converts mechanical energy to thermal energy.

39. 39. Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place? chloroplasts Golgi apparatus mitochondria vacuoles

40. 40. Which range of wavelengths is reflected by chlorophylls a and b? 400-500 nm 500-600 nm 600-700 nm

41. 41. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? to make ATP to process H2O to store glucose to deliver oxygen

42. 42. Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration? TCA cycle chemiosmosis  glycolysis glycolysis  Krebs cycle  electron transport electron absorption catalysis  phosphorylation aerobic pathway  anaerobic pathway  fermentation

43. 43. Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process? glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport

44. 44. Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product? CoA CO2 FADH2 NADH

45. 45. Look at the following figure. Which part of the chloroplast is a sac-like membrane arranged in stacks? grana stroma thylakoids Golgi apparatus

46. 46. Look at the following figure. Which molecule is released when ATP becomes ADP? phosphate group water molecule ribose sugar energy cells

47. A B 47. Which side represents photosynthesis?

48. 48. At the beginning of photosynthesis, which molecule is split to produce oxygen (O2) as a waste product? CO2 H2O C6H12O6 3-PGA

49. 49. During what phase do the sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell? interphase metaphase anaphase telophase

50. 50. What happens in the cell during cytokinesis? The cell grows and carries out normal functions. The cell copies its DNA and forms chromosomes. The cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. The cell’s cytoplasm divides.