1 / 105

The Future of Libraries

Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org/ twitter.com/ mbreeding. The Future of Libraries. The Future of Libraries: New Technologies, New Models  and Strategic Transition.

jesimae
Download Presentation

The Future of Libraries

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org/ twitter.com/mbreeding The Future of Libraries The Future of Libraries:New Technologies, New Models and Strategic Transition New Technologies, New Models, and Strategic Transition Conference on Chinese Academic Library Technology & Development 2012 18 Dec 2012

  2. Summary • Cloud computing in Libraries: trends related to the adoption of cloud computing technologies for library management and discovery products.

  3. Summary • Cloud computing is one of the most important technology trends of the times. The phase of client/server computing is fading into obsolescence, replaced by entirely web-based systems, increasingly deployed through SaaS. Libraries and other technology-oriented organizations now have options through infrastructure-as-a-service offerings such as Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud and Simple Storage Service to ramp up computing capabilities quickly, enjoy free access for smaller projects, and take advantage of usage- based subscription models for larger-scale production projects. Breeding expands on these topics and provides a basic explanation of cloud computing that focuses on real advantages and disadvantages for libraries.

  4. Agenda • 9:00-10:00 Section 1 • Global Trends in Information Technology in Libraries • 13:30-15:00 Section 2 • Trends in Library Automation Software implementation • 15:10-16:40 Section 3 • Global business arena, Questions and Discussion

  5. Global Trends in Information Technology in Libraries Cloud Computing Web-based systems Mobile Evolution of Legacy systems Expanding scope of library mission: electronic resource management, Creating and curating digital collections, Digital preservation 9:00-10:00  Section 1

  6. Redefining Libraries Future Service and Development Models

  7. AppropriateAutomation Infrastructure • Current automation products out of step with current realities • Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content • Majority of automation efforts support print activities • Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure • New discovery solutions help with access to e-content • Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

  8. Key Context: Libraries in Transition • Academic Shift from Print > Electronic • E-journal transition largely complete • Circulation of print collections slowing • E-books now in play (consultation > reading) • Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement • Increased pressure on physical facilities • Increased circulation of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in e-books • All libraries: • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

  9. Key Context: Technologies in transition • Client / Server > Web-based computing • Natively social computing • Integration of social computing into core infrastructure • Local computing shifting to cloud platforms • Application Service Provider offerings standard • New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service • Full spectrum of devices • full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile • Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

  10. Key Context: Changed expectations in metadata management • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • E-journal knowledge bases (KnowledgeWorks / 360 Core) • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Very little progress in linked data for operational systems • AACR2 > RDA • MARC > RDF: Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative • http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

  11. Key Context: Research Data • Academic libraries have increased library involvement with research data • Facilitate data management plans for research projects • Lend Library expertise to organization and management • Preservation

  12. Surging Interest in the Semantic Web • Open Linked Data • Bibliographic data sets released through Creative Commons Public Domain License (CC0) • Europeana, Harvard, etc. • Databases that natively manage RDF triple stores • Currently at Early stages of introducing semantic technologies in discovery • Relational databases continue to power business systems

  13. Each Library Type Distinctive • Academic – Public – School – Special • Academic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resources • Public: Engaged in the management of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in E-books • School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media management • Special: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)

  14. Cooperation and Resource sharing • Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate • Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems) • State-wide or national implementations • Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementations • Many libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

  15. Cloud Computing and Services

  16. Cloud Computing for Libraries Book Image Publication Info: • Volume 11 in The Tech Set • Published by Neal-Schuman / ALA TechSource • ISBN: 781555707859 • http://www.neal-schuman.com/ccl

  17. Cloud computing as marketing term • Cloud computing used very freely, tagged to almost any virtualized environment • Any arrangement where the library relies on some kind of remote hosting environment for major automation components • Includes almost any vendor-hosted product offering

  18. Cloud computing – characteristics • Web-based Interfaces • Externally hosted • Pricing: subscription or utility • Highly abstracted computing model • Provisioned on demand • Scaled according to variable needs • Elastic – consumption of resources can contract and expand according to demand

  19. Fundamental technology shift • Mainframe computing • Client/Server • Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html

  20. Local Computing • Traditional model • Locally owned and managed • Shifting from departmental to enterprise • Departmental servers co-located in central IT data centers • Increasingly virtualized

  21. Gartner Hype Cycle 2009

  22. Gartner Hype Cycle 2010

  23. Gartner Hype Cycle 2011

  24. Gartner Hype Cycle 2012

  25. Cloud computing layers

  26. Infrastructure-as-a-service • Provisioning of Equipment • Servers, storage • Virtual server provisioning • Examples: • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) • Rackspace Cloud www.rackspacecloud.com/) • EMC2 Atmos (www.atmosonline.com/)

  27. Software-as-a-Service • Complete software application, customized for customer use • Software delivered through cloud infrastructure, data stored on cloud • Eg: Salesforce.com—widely used business infrastructure • Multi-tenant: all organizations that use the service share the same instance (codebase, hardware resources, etc) • Often partitioned to separate some groups of subscribers

  28. Types of SaaS http://www.samanage.com/blog/2011/08/not-all-saas-offerings-are-created-equal/

  29. Application service provider • Legacy business applications hosted by software vendor • Standalone application on discrete or virtualized hardware • Staff and public clients accessed via the Internet • Same user interfaces and functionality as if installed locally • Established as a deployment model in the 1990’s • Can be implemented through Infrastructure-as-a Service • Individual instances of legacy system hosted in EC2

  30. ASP vs SaaS From: THINKstrategies: CIO’s Guide to Software-as-a-Service

  31. Private vs Public http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing_types.svg

  32. Storage-as-a-Service • Provisioned, on-demand storage • Bundled to, or separate from other cloud services • Examples: • Enterprise: Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) • Consumer: Dropbox

  33. General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Shared knowledge bases E-resource holdings Bibliographic services Linked data applications Key Issues Data ownership Creative commons license Data portability across competing providers Data as a service

  34. Cloud computing trends for libraries • Increased migration away from local computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative • Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel • Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor

  35. Data in the cloud • Storage as a service • Informal / small-scale • Dropbox (2GB+) • Microsoft Skydrive (7GB+) • Mostly used as supplemental storage and for sharing • Institutional / Larger-scale • Local storage still dominant • When using cloud storage for institutional data • Multiple tiers of backup with SLA • DuraCloud, S3, many others

  36. Platform-as-a-Platform as a Service • Virtualized computing environment for deployment of software • Application engine, no specific server provisioning • Examples: • Google App Engine • SDKs for Java, Python • Heroku: ruby platform • Amazon Web Service • Library Specific platforms

  37. Library automation through SaaS • Almost all library automation products offered through hosted options • SaaS or ASP?

  38. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

  39. Caveats and concerns with SaaS • Libraries must have adequate bandwidth to support access to remote applications without latency • Quality of service agreements that guarantee performance and reliability factors • Configurability and customizability limitations • Access to API’s • Ability to interoperate with 3rd party applications • Eg: Connect SaaS ILS with discovery product from another vendor

  40. Maintain institutional branding • Using cloud computing does not mean giving up your identity • Be sure that your services delivered through your own URL • Most cloud services support domain aliases • Accomplished through DNS configuration • Implemented by your network administrator • Create CNAME entry to redirect cloud service to a subdomain associated with your library: • S3.mylibrary.org = s3.amazonaws.com.

  41. Cost implications • Total cost of ownership • Do all cost components result in increased or decreased expense • Personnel costs – need less technical administration • Hardware – server hardware eliminated • Software costs: subscription, license, maintenance/support • Indirect costs: energy costs associated with power and cooling of servers in data center • IaaS: balance elimination of hardware investments for ongoing usage fees • Especially attractive for development and prototyping

  42. Personnel Distribution Local Computing Cloud Computing • Server Administration • Application maintenance • Staff client software updates • Operational tasks • Application configuration or profiling • Operational tasks

  43. Budget Allocations Local Computing Cloud Computing • Server Purchase • Server Maintenance • Application software license • Data Center overhead • Energy costs • Facility costs • Annual Subscription • Measured Service? • Fixed fees • Factors • Hosting • Software Licenses • Optional modules

  44. Benefits of Cloud Computing Libraries Providers / Vendors • Elimination of capital expenses for equipment • Lower annual costs • Redeployment of technical staff to more meaningful activities • Higher revenues relative to software-only arrangements • Provision of infrastructure at scale with lower unit costs • Longer-term relationships with customers

  45. Risks and concerns • Privacy of data • Policies, regulations, jurisdictions • Ownership of data • Avoid vendor lock-in • Integrity of Data • Backups and disaster recovery • Opportunities for increased redundancy

  46. Security issues • Most providers implement stronger safeguards beyond the capacity of local institutions • Virtual instances equally susceptible to poor security practices as local computing

  47. Cloud computing trends for libraries • Increased migration away from local computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative • Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel • Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor

  48. Relevant trends • No technical limitations on scalability of infrastructure • General move toward ever larger implementations of automation infrastructure • National infrastructure (beginning with smaller countries) • US: Statewide and regional projects

  49. Resource sharing opportunities • Larger instances of automation systems or participation in multi-tenant services provide inherent resource sharing capabilities • Ever larger repositories of metadata • Simpler mechanisms for patron requests of items not in local collections

  50. Mobile Computing

More Related