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The Historical Context of Vietnam from WWII to the Cold War Era

This review explores Vietnam's socio-political landscape from World War II through to the Cold War era, detailing pivotal events and key figures. Prior to WWII, Vietnam was under French colonial rule and later occupied by Japan. Ho Chi Minh emerges as a central leader in opposing colonialism. U.S. presidents Truman and Eisenhower implement containment policies, fearing the spread of communism, exemplified by the Domino Theory. The 1954 Geneva Conference leads to Vietnam's division, setting the stage for ongoing conflict. This overview encapsulates the complexities of U.S. involvement and the controversial leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem.

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The Historical Context of Vietnam from WWII to the Cold War Era

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  1. Based on previous your instruction... 1) What was Vietnam called prior to WW II? 2) Who controlled Vietnam prior to WW II? 3) Who was Ho Chi Minh? 4) What was Truman’s policy on Vietnam? 5) What was Eisenhower’s policy on Vietnam? 6) In what way was Dien Bien Phu a turning point? 7) What was the Domino Theory? 8) What was Kennedy’s policy on Vietnam? 9) What agreement was reached at the 1954 Geneva Conference? 10) Who was Ngo Dinh Diem? Why was Diem controversial?

  2. WAR ABROAD, WAR AT HOME A quick review of Vietnam policy prior to LBJ…

  3. Vietnam & World War II 1940: Japan occupies Indochina (Vietnam) 1941: Ho Chi Minh fights the Japanese 1945: France regains control 1946-54: French–Vietminh War - The Viet Minh (Communists) are fighting against French colonialism

  4. Truman & Vietnam • Truman’s policies: - Containment… -The U.S. sends advisors & funding

  5. 1953-1960: Eisenhower & Vietnam -The Domino Theory… -The French request direct U.S. involvement -DDE fears “another Asian war”… -DDE sends aid, military advisors & the CIA -1954: US finances 75% of war-NOREGULARTROOPS“I can conceive of no greater tragedy than for the US to become engaged in an all out war in Indo-China” - Eisenhower

  6. 1954: Dien Bien Phu • Last battle between the French & the Viet Minh • France is expelled from Vietnam

  7. The 1954 Geneva Conference • Vietnam divide - 17th parallel • N. Vietnam: Communist - Leader Ho Chi Minh • S. Vietnam: Leader Ngo Dinh Diem

  8. Ngo Dunh Diem President of South Vietnam • Catholic dictator in a Buddhist country • Anti-communist • Ruthlessly crushed opponents

  9. S.E.A.T.O. • US backed anti-communist alliance in Asia • 1955: SEATO announces SV will be protected

  10. Kennedy & Vietnam • A worsening situation • Approves military aid + 16K advisors • The Green Beret • Diem is overthrown & murdered • “In the final analysis it is their war” • NOREGULARTROOPS The Kennedy Administration decides that Diem is a liability & has him removed from power using South Vietnamese military leadership to murdered Diem.

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