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Understanding Oceanographic Influences: Midterm Discussions on El Niño and Tropical Cyclones

This poster draft explores key topics in oceanography and weather patterns, focusing on the hydrological cycle, energy exchange with the atmosphere, and the effects of major ocean currents and upwelling phenomena like El Niño and La Niña. We discuss how these climatic shifts impact global weather, particularly the movement of the subtropical jet stream and its influence on mid-latitude climates. Additionally, we detail the formation of tropical cyclones, including hurricanes, their energy sources, and the potential devastation they cause. Understanding these elements is essential for interpreting NOAA forecasts that drive commodity markets.

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Understanding Oceanographic Influences: Midterm Discussions on El Niño and Tropical Cyclones

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  1. Discussion 3/27 Midterm redux Lectures 14&15 Poster drafts

  2. Oceanography • Water vapor source; hydrological cycle, latent heat, severe weather • Energy exchange w/ atmosphere, ~thermostat • Poleward energy transport

  3. Major Ocean Currents

  4. Upwelling • Also happens off Peru

  5. El Niño

  6. El Niño and La Niña • How does El Niño affect global weather patterns? • Western Pacific experiences less rainfall as warm water moves east. • This shift in rain patterns moves the subtropical jet stream from its normal path. • This change in the path of the sub-tropical Jet allows El Niño to affect the weather and climate of the mid-latitudes as well as the tropics. • The commodities markets use the NOAA El Niño forecasts to influence their buying and selling.

  7. Tropical Cyclones • Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones • Formation: some disturbance gets ‘spun up’ drawing energy from warm ocean waters (T>25oC) • Over 61km/hr, tropical storm, named; over 119km/hr, hurricane • Bands of rising moist air vs. cool, sinking air; particularly in center “eye” • Storm surge, inland flooding, winds • Weaken with cool water, land, or unfavorable airflow aloft

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