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Bus

Bus. A bus is an interface between a generic computer and a specific adapter that you install. Interacting with the Host System. Adapters, as well as other hardware and applications, must communicate with the host system in an orderly and established way.

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Bus

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  1. Bus A bus is an interface between a generic computer and a specific adapter that you install.

  2. Interacting with the Host System • Adapters, as well as other hardware and applications, must communicate with the host system in an orderly and established way. • Communication must be orderly to avoid setting conflicts when configuring adapters to gain the attention of the host processor. • Conflicts are a main cause of problems in communication between adapter and host systems.

  3. Hardware Resource A hardware resource is a uniquely assigned communications path that enables a device to exchange information with the CPU and operating system.

  4. IRQ Assignments

  5. I/O Addresses

  6. Base Memory Addresses

  7. Direct Memory Addresses

  8. Configuring System Parameters • You configure cards with jumper pins by using the jumpers, which are plastic-coated metal clips, to close a circuit represented by a bank or group of jumper pins. If a jumper goes bad, the circuit will not be completed until the jumper is replaced. One way to save jumpers so that they are available for replacement is to place them over only one of the jumper pins in a pair. • Switches are usually found in even-numbered banks or groups. You configure cards with switches by using a small object such as a mini-screwdriver, pen pint, or bent paper clip to set the switches to ON or OFF. Do not use a pencil to set switches—the graphite can get into and foul the switch mechanism.

  9. Viewing Resource Settings in Device Manager

  10. Plug and Play • You connect a piece of hardware to a PnP-compatible system running a PnP-aware operating system. • All PnP cards enter Configuration mode by enabling PnP code built into the card. • One at a time, PnP cards are isolated and a handle is assigned to the card. The handle is used to identify that card. • Resources are allocated to each card that don’t conflict with resources allocated to any other card. • All PnP cards are activated and exit Configuration mode.

  11. An 8 bit Expansion Card

  12. ISA 16-bit ISA card 8-bit ISA card ISA edge connectors ISA slots

  13. EISA Card Notch matches ISA notch Extra notches for alignment Double row of edge connectors

  14. The 32-Bit Microchannel Bus Connection with a Video Extension Video extension

  15. PCI PCI edge connector PCI slots

  16. VL-Bus Connection on an Adapter

  17. AGP AGP video card AGP slot

  18. Common Problems with Adapter Cards

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