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Clostridium

Clostridium. Spores. Clostridium form endospores under adverse environmental conditions Spores are a survival mechanism Spores are characterized on the basis of position, size and shape

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Clostridium

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  1. Clostridium

  2. Spores • Clostridium form endospores under adverse environmental conditions • Spores are a survival mechanism • Spores are characterized on the basis of position, size and shape • Most Clostridium spp., including C. perfringens and C. botulinum, have ovoid subterminal (OST) spores • C. tetani have round terminal (RT) spores

  3. Clostridium Associated Human Disease

  4. Clostridium perfringens

  5. Summary of C. perfringens Infections

  6. NOTE:Large rectangular gram-positive bacilli NOTE:Double zone of hemolysis Inner beta-hemolysis = θ toxin Outer alpha-hemolysis = α toxin Micro & Macroscopic C. perfringens

  7. Summary of C. perfringens Infections (cont.)

  8. Clostridial Cellulitis

  9. Major Minor C. perfringens Virulence Factors

  10. Exotoxins Associated with C. perfringens Types A-E Major

  11. C. perfringens Nagler Reaction NOTE: Lecithinase (α-toxin; phospholipase) hydrolyzes phospholipids in egg-yolk agar around streak on right. Antibody against α-toxin inhibits activity around left streak.

  12. Clostridium tetani

  13. Summary of C. tetani Infections

  14. Summary of Clostridium tetani Infections(cont.)

  15. Clostridium tetani Gram Stain NOTE: Round terminal spores give cells a “drumstick” or “tennis racket” appearance.

  16. Clinical Forms of Tetanus

  17. Opisthotonos in TetanusPatient

  18. Risus Sardonicus in TetanusPatient

  19. Mechanism of Action of TetanusToxin

  20. Clostridium botulinum

  21. Summary of C. botulinum Infections

  22. Summary of C. botulinum Infections (cont.)

  23. Mechanism of Action of BotulinumToxin

  24. Rates of Isolation of C. botulinum and Botulinum Toxin

  25. Clostridium dificile

  26. Summary of C. dificile Infections

  27. Summary of C. dificile Infections(cont.)

  28. Antibiotic-Associated Colitis Plaque

  29. Antibiotic-Associated Colitis

  30. C. dificile Virulence Factors

  31. Other Clostridium

  32. Virulence Factors Associated with Other Clostridium

  33. REVIEW Clostridium

  34. REVIEW

  35. Spores • Clostridium form endospores under adverse environmental conditions • Spores are a survival mechanism • Spores are characterized on the basis of position, size and shape • Most Clostridium spp., including C. perfringens and C. botulinum, have ovoid subterminal (OST) spores • C. tetani have round terminal (RT) spores REVIEW

  36. Review of Clostridium perfringens REVIEW

  37. REVIEW

  38. NOTE:Large rectangular gram-positive bacilli NOTE:Double zone of hemolysis Inner beta-hemolysis = θ toxin Outer alpha-hemolysis = α toxin Micro & Macroscopic C. perfringens REVIEW

  39. Major Minor C. perfringens Virulence Factors REVIEW

  40. Exotoxins Associated with C. perfringens Types A-E Major REVIEW

  41. C. perfringens Nagler Reaction NOTE: Lecithinase (α-toxin; phospholipase) hydrolyzes phospholipids in egg-yolk agar around streak on right. Antibody against α-toxin inhibits activity around left streak. REVIEW

  42. Review of Clostridium tetani

  43. REVIEW

  44. Clostridium tetani Gram Stain NOTE: Round terminal spores give cells a “drumstick” or “tennis racket” appearance. REVIEW

  45. Clinical Forms of Tetanus REVIEW

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