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Feudal Nippon

Feudal Nippon. Chapter 12 Sec 4. Day 1 Warm-Up. The Great Wave off Kanagawa , Katsushika Hokusai c. 1829 - 1832. Setting the Stage. Nihon “ origin of the sun ” Japan borrowed Ideas, institutions & culture from _____ Take ideas & make it uniquely their own. Geography.

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Feudal Nippon

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  1. Feudal Nippon Chapter 12 Sec 4

  2. Day 1 Warm-Up The Great Wave off Kanagawa, Katsushika Hokusai c. 1829 - 1832

  3. Setting the Stage • Nihon • “origin of the sun” • Japan borrowed • Ideas, institutions & culture from _____ • Take ideas • & make it uniquely their own

  4. Geography • Group of islands? • Archipelago • How many islands? • 4,000 islands • 4 main islands: • Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Hokkaido • Not wide, but long • 1,200 miles

  5. Geography

  6. Geography • Mountainous • 70% • Arable land • 12% • Major cities = along coast, except _______ • Heian (Kyoto) • Natural resources • Limited

  7. Natural Disasters • Seasonal typhoons • Plate tectonics & Ring of Fire • Earthquakes • Tsunamis • Volcanoes

  8. Ring of fire

  9. 2011

  10. Mt. Fuji

  11. Geography • Island location • Huge impact on Japanese culture • 120 miles of sea b/w Japan & Korea • 500 miles of sea b/w Japan & China • What role does Korea play? • K  bridge b/w J & C • Obstacles: • No major directional ocean currents • Trip = difficult & dangerous • Results: • Semi-isolated • Hard to invade • Sea = source of food

  12. Background • Earliest inhabitants • Ainu people – indigenous • “Hairy People” • Pushed north to Honshu and Hokkaido • Paleolithic Age – migrations from land bridge (Korea) • Hunter/gatherers • Pushed Ainu north • Suppressed religion and languge • 250 BCE • Farming • 1st century BCE • Not unified nation • 100s of uji (clans)

  13. Uji • Controlled own territory • Each had its own chief • Records indicate that some were women • What does this tell us? • Special god/goddess

  14. Religion • Thousands of local gods/spirits • Name? • Shinto • Mean? • “Way of the gods” • Based on respect for? (2) • Forces of nature • Ancestor worship • Kami  divine spirits • Live in nature

  15. Tomb Period (Kofun) • 250 to 592 CE • 150,000 • 3 main islands • Reflection of status Daisan, Sakai city

  16. Kofun • Imported technologies (Korea) • Earth moving & surveying • Tombs’ contents reflected status • Protective or magical • Mirrors, swords/armor & jewels • Haniwa (terracotta) • Farming tools, farmers, warriors, dancers, servants, etc…

  17. Emperors • Yamato Clan • Claimed? • Divine origins • Amaterasu  sun goddess • By 400 CE • Leading clan • Control of trade • Monopoly on technology • By 600 CE • Emperors

  18. Yamato Society • What is missing? • Administrative structure • Laws, bureaucracy, official ceremony • No capital city • No taxation • Little control over outlying regions

  19. Day 2 Warm-Up • Describe the relationship between Japan, Korea, and China that we have studied up to this point.

  20. Cultural Borrowings • 5th - 6th Centuries • Yamato Clan • Attracted skilled craftsmen & Korean immigrants • Iron working • Buddhism  morals & magic • Chinese writing • Confucian thought

  21. Group Assignment • Classwork #1 “Cultural Borrowings” • Bonnes, Coogan, Wright • Danyo, Palczuk, Snyder, Mengers • Ford, Udovich, Singley • Dentinger, Dramis, Nielsen, Falasco

  22. Art Tensho Shubun, Reading in a Bamboo Grove, 1446

  23. Kepatsu

  24. Historical Periods • Periods are named after _______ • 1st permanent capital? • Nara (710 to 784) • Modeled after Chang'an or Xi’an (China)

  25. Heian Period (794-1185) • Moved capital • from Nara to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) • Buddhists too powerful & meddling • Means • Peace & tranquility • Monasteries outside the city • Separation of church & state

  26. Heian Period (794-1185) • Emperor? • Yamato Clan • Fujiwara • Daughters married into imperial family • Why? • To gain access (power) • Results: • Emperor  rites & rituals • Fujiwara power behind the throne

  27. Emperors Strike Back • Mid 12th century • “System of retired emperors” • issue edicts w/ full imperial authority • Results: • Fujiwara influence  • Fujiwara, reigning & retired emperors • Vied for power • Imperial succession = bitterly contested • No primogeniture

  28. Day 3 Warm-Up • Recap: How did the Fujiwara try to exert their influence in the Heian Court, and what was the response of the emperors?

  29. Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-1199) • Shogun 1192-99 • Capital moves to Kamakura • Kamakura Shogunate (Bakufu) 1192-1333 • Real power • Rests on military strength • Vassalage: • Demanded • absolute loyalty & service • In return for • land

  30. Japanese Society

  31. Samurai • Means  “to serve” • Code of Conduct? • Bushido  “the way of the warrior” • Ideal Qualities • Loyalty • Emperor of Daimyo • Trustworthy & honest • Frugal lives • Fairness & generosity towards the weak

  32. Samurai • Combat • fight alone, one-on-one • call out his • family name, rank & accomplishments • Seek out worthy opponent • killed  opponent • Sever his head • proof of his victory

  33. Samurai • Courage & fearless of death • Death in combat is preferred • Short glorious life preferred to uneventful or long life • Symbol = Cherry blossom (sakura) • Seppuku  ritual suicide

  34. Tomoe Gozen

  35. Kublai Khan & Japan

  36. Mongols • Kamikaze 1281 • Bakufu thought M would be back • Next 30 yrs • Trained & built forts • Mongols never came • Short run: • Made Bakufustronger • Long run: • Ran out of land & bandits • Downfall

  37. Ashikage Shogunate • 1335-1573 • Shogun was weak • Power was decentralized • in the hands of numerous • Powerful nobles & monasteries • Daimyo • Absolute rulers on their lands • Turmoil and warfare were common • Yet economy and culture thrived • Flower arrangement, tea ceremony, Zen landscaping

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