Introduction to biology

1. Mr. Thomas Introduction to biology

2. What is Biology? • Biology= Science of Life or The study of Living Things • Latin Origin of Biology Bio logy bios(Life) Logos (Study of)

3. Living vs. Nonliving • Biotic- living things in the environment. • Abiotic- Nonliving factors such as water, soil, light, and temperature.

6. What determines life?

8. 9 characteristics of life

9. 9 Characteristics of Life • Reproduction- making Copies of itself or producing offspring. • Asexual- reproduction without two sexes or genders. • Sexual- fusion of two cells called gametes, one from a male source and one from a female source.

13. Cellular Composition- made of one or more cells.

14. Metabolism- Changing food into energy.

16. Adaptation- Changing to meet the needs of the environment.

20. Example of Adaptation • The shape of an animal’s teeth is related to its diet. • Herbivores, such as deer, have many molars for chewing tough grass and plants. • Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear meat.

21. Mammals • Endothermic or warm-blooded • All have some type of “hair” • Some are very specialized, such as white polar bear fur • Method of locomotion • Care for young

22. Birds • Leg Length • Roseate Spoonbill (top right) • Foot Webbing • Laughing Gull (top left) • Beak Shape • Long Billed Curlew (bottom)

23. Reptiles • Ectothermic or cold- blooded • Scales • Some undergo hibernation and estivation • Lay eggs on land • Leg structure and position

24. Amphibians • Ectothermic • Lay eggs in water • Partially of fully webbed feet • Have lungs or can absorb oxygen through their skin

25. Adaptation Applications: Lions • What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion?What is the reason for the lion’s color? • A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and serves as protection for the throat. The tawny brown coat color camouflages the animal and young among vegetation.

26. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe • Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of time without water? • Answer: Giraffes drink water when available, but can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew and the water content of their food.

27. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe • How are their long necks adapted to their lifestyle? • Answer: This extra length is thought to have evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly, giraffes and humans have the same number of vertebrate in their necks.

28. Adaptation Applications: Zebras • How do zebras defend themselves? • Capable of running up to 40 mph. Zebras defend themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also plays a role in evading predators, although theories have not reached an agreement.

29. Growth- Increase in cell size or number of cells.

30. Movement • Place to place • External • Internal

31. Specific Organization- Specific parts doing certain jobs

32. Responsiveness- reacting to light, heat, pressure, vibration, sound, etc….. “A stimulus”

36. Homeostasis- Maintaining a constant state “Equilibrium”

38. Review • What are the 9 characteristics of life? • Made of Cells • Reproduction • Adaptation • Metabolism • Growth • Movement • Specific Organization • Responsiveness • Homeostasis

39. Branches of Biology

40. Branches of Biology • Botany- The study of plants • It involves the study of the structure, properties, and biochemical processes of all forms of plant life, including trees.

41. Ecology- • The study of relationships between organisms and their surroundings.

42. AMD?????? Pollution?????

44. Microbiology- • The study of microorganisms, which are microscopic, unicellular, and cell-cluster organisms.

46. Entomology- The study of insects.

50. Genetics- • The study of heredity, genes, and variation in offspring.