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The Response to Misery: Soviet Union 1917-1991

Explore the enduring authoritarian rule of the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991, including the rise of Communism, Stalin's purges, and the challenges of Fascism. Learn about key events, leaders, and ideologies shaping this tumultuous period in Russian history.

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The Response to Misery: Soviet Union 1917-1991

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  1. Fascists and Communists 30.2 |The response to misery

  2. The Soviet Union • From 1917 – 1991 • The most durable 20th century authoritarian government • Seized power through revolution • Not nationalistic, as it was an ideology • Exportable: Western fears of “Red Scare” • A dictatorship of the proletariat • Cheka • War Communism: economic central planning • State-owned industry and collectivization

  3. Early Problems and Division • Disdain of central planning • Strikes in 1920 and 1921(peasants and workers) • Lenin’s New Economic Policy 1921 • Allowed for some private economic enterprise • Made a land of small farms and businesses • Stroke 1922 and death 1924 • Joseph Stalin v. Leon Trotsky • Internal development v. global revolution • Lenin suggested Stalin be dismissed: Stalin destroyed evidence

  4. Reforming Russia • “Socialism in one country” 1924 • Russian advancement was popular • Trotsky outlawed in 1929: murdered in 1940 • The 5-Year Plan 1928 and the Great Depression • Rapid industrialization • Collectivization 1929 • Ukrainian kulaks fight the system • C. 10 million deaths and millions more to gulags • Success however: 1928-1940 saw a 400% industrial increase • Stalin’s purges • Paranoia led to executions of an estimated millions: issues

  5. Fascism Rises • Fearing the spread of the “red” • Ultra-nationalist states would rise • Fascism (the fasces) • Stop the spread of bolshevism: assist middle-class/small farmers • Single-party dictatorships with nationalistic cause • Social unrest in Italy 1919-21 • Fear of communist revolution • Fascists support conservative control in the north • Benito Mussolini’s party supports this “order”

  6. Fascist Italy • Fascist popularity in the north led to • A view of fascism as a solution • Mussolini elected prime minister by the king • Use of dictatorial power to control society • Use of terrorism to control opponents • Heavy use of propaganda

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