Note to myself for Lec. 1: Web site is required reading (at least twice a week) Problem book

2. Note to myself for Lec. 1: Web site is required reading (at least twice a week) Problem book Web lectures Exam topics, nature Email questions, Q&A database Recitation sign-up Evening vs. morning lectures Note exam dates and times (drop an exam); note final date Transparency

4. Chemical Physics Hydrogen atom Schrodinger equation: Probability of finding an electron at a given position

5. ΔG = ΔGo + RTln(Q) ΔGo = - RTln(Keq) Chemistry Predicting the effect of temperature on reaction rates (Arrhenius equation). k=A*e(-Ea/R*T) Biology Predicting the amount of energy released in a chemical reaction

6. basic atomic structure and bonding ions salts moles molecular weight molarity stoichiometry chemical equilibria pH etc.? and: exponents logarithms algebra no calculus Chemistry and Math for this course

7. 1) Structure = complex 2) Metabolism = chemical interaction with the environment 3) Reproduction = duplication of the complex, metabolizing structure Characteristics of living things

8. Artificial rubber plant vs. a real one:complexity Artificial: polypropylene polyester 5 dyes_____ 7 different distinguishable molecules Real: 20,000 different distinguishable molecules And each one is doing a job.

9. dust Chemical interaction with the environment CO2 O2 NO3- H2O Real Artificial

10. Reproduction Can reproduce itself Cannot reproduce itself

11. Focusing on differences to learn about nature Darwin’s finches

12. Common denominator? Focusing on similarities to learn about nature

13. Corn syrup + Take smaller bits Not glucose a molecule 2 different molecules not sweet (lost it) sweet sweet Chemistry analogy: basic building block is the molecule

26. Alive?

28. Cell theory end

29. All living things are made up of cells (or their by-products), and all cells come from other cells by growth and development. Cell Theory

30. membonly Outside Inside

31. Mem+nuc Organelles without membranes

32. Mem+nuc+org Organelles without membranes Organelles with membranes Organelles “mitochondria” “lysosomes” “ribosomes” etc.

33. A cell 10 microns

34. Skin cell ~ 10 micrometers (microns, um) in diameter Millimeter (mm) = 1/1000 of a meter: e.g., head of a pin Micron = 10-6meters (1 millionth of a meter, 1/1000 of a millimeter): e.g., cells Nanometer (nm) = 10-9 meters (1 billionth of a meter, 1/1000 of a micron): e.g., diameter of molecules Angstrom (A) = 1/10 of a nanometer: e.g, distance between 2 atoms in a molecule Smallest cells ~ 1 micron in diameter (so volume = ~1/1000 of skin cell) Sizes

35. bactcell0 A bacterial cell A bacterium

36. bactcell1 No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles No. of cells in the whole organism = ~ 1 (unicellular) Prokaryote, prokaryotic

37. Prokaryotes: (mostly bacteria) Pneumococcus (pathogen) Rhizobium (nitrogen fixation) Escherichia coli (lab) Eukaryotes: Amoeba (pond) Paramecium (pond) Plasmodium (malaria) Yeast (beer, bread, lab) Prokaryotes: Very few examples Eukaryotes: Human being Worm (C. elegans) Fruit fly (Drosophila) Zebra fish Mustard plant (Arabidopsis) Mouse (these are all popular research organisms) Unicellular Multicellular

38. binfission Escherichia coli E. coli ---------------------------------------------------- One hour -------------------------------------------- 2 1 One net bacterial cell in 1 hour (in minimal medium)

39. ~20,000,000 molecules in 2 cells ~10,000,000 molecules in 1 cell ~5000 types of molecules types of molecules ~5000 Net increase = 10,000,000 organic molecules, synthesized in one hour What are they and from whence do they come?

40. A minimal medium for E. coli C6H12O6 glucose, a sugar KH2PO4 MgSO4  NH4Cl ammonium chloride H2Owater +trace elements (e.g., Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, … ) potassium phosphate magnesium sulfate

41. MM with glucose A minimal medium for E. coli C6H12O6 glucose, a sugar KH2PO4 MgSO4  NH4Cl ammonium choride H2O water +trace elements (e.g., Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, … ) potassiumphosphate magnesium sulfate

42. Net synthesis of an E. coli cell ~20,000,000 molecules in 2 cells ~10,000,000 molecules in 1 cell ~5000 types of molecules types of molecules ~5000 Net increase = 10,000,000 organic molecules, synthesized in one hour What are they and from whence do they come? “You can make an E. coli cell from glucose in one hour”

43. 1. Whatis an E. coli cell? Polysaccharides, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins, Small molecules 2. How do we get those chemicals (in minimal medium)?  -- From glucose, -- via biosynthetic chemical reactions(= metabolism). 3. Where does the energy for this process come from? -- From glucose, via energy metabolism. 4. Where does E. coli get the information for doing all this?  -- it's hard-wired in its DNA. Preview Organic chemicals

44. gu

45. 1cell Exponential growth

46. 1cellbigger

47. 2cells

48. 2cellsbigger

49. 4cells

50. 1 generation 1 generation