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Science, Agriculture, and You!. Plants, Pizza, Animals, and You. Mr. Wilson Ag . Biology Uintah High School. In your lab books. Table of Contents: What is good Science? Objectives: 1. Determine what makes information credible 2. What is science? 3. What makes good science?
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Science, Agriculture, and You! Plants, Pizza, Animals, and You Mr. Wilson Ag . Biology Uintah High School
In your lab books • Table of Contents: What is good Science? • Objectives: • 1. Determine what makes information credible • 2. What is science? • 3. What makes good science? • 4. What are the processes of science? • Journal Topic: What is “good” science?
Dihydrogen Monoxide • Is the major component of acid rain • May cause severe burns • Prolonged exposure in solid form can cause tissue damage • Death occur every year due to inhalation, even in small quantities • Has been found in excised tumors of terminal cancer patients • Often used in nuclear power plants • Major component in pesticides
Take action and sign the petition to ban it! Why is the substance still legal?
What is This dangerous chemical made up of? The answer may shock you!
Wait, what? • Knowing and understanding what makes information credible is extremely important. • As consumers, we are constantly bombarded with new information, and not all of it is TRUE! • You can’t put anything on the internet that isn’t true, right? • In Agriculture and science we are presented with new research all the time. It is so important to be able to evaluate claims to determine their validity. • We must be able to determine what is good science and what is not! We must consider the source of information, their methods, their potential for conflicts of interest and their intentions. • Look at GMOs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzEr23XJwFY
What is Science? The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions. 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 2. Scientists: 3. Scientists propose ___________ that can be ______ by examining evidence. collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, looking for patterns and connections between events. explanations tested 4. Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
Record this in your notebook! Science • A process through which nature is studied, discovered, and understood. • All areas of science involve posing INQUIRIES (questions) about nature. • Science begins with observation! • Data is the information gathered from making observations.
There are two types of data: Quantitative data: Are numbers and are obtained by counting or measuring. Qualitative data are: descriptions and involve characteristics that cannot be counted. Examples: There are 500 elk on the mountain. They weigh an average of 650 lbs. Their fat reserves are high. Their overall health is good.
Processes of Science • Observing • Hypothesizing • Experimenting • Measuring
Processes of Science • Collecting data • Organizing data • Analyzing data • Communicating
A Good Scientific Attitude. . . • Curiosity: Asking questions leads to new discovers. • Skepticism: Question existing ideas and refuse to accept answers without evidence or data • Open-Mindedness: Accept different ideas that does not agree with your • Creativity: Thinking outside of the box may be the only way to design successful experiments
Scientific MethodA series of steps used by scientists to answer a question or solve a problem. Cut this out and place in your notebook! • 1. Stating a problem, asking a question, making an observation - something is considered a problem if its solution is not obvious. Some crucial information is missing. Solving the problem involves finding this missing information.
Scientific Method • 2. Collect information on the problem -- the more you know about the problem the more precisely you can state the problem and the less time you will waste looking for solutions. Gather info, research the problem
Scientific Method • 3. Making a hypothesis- a scientific explanation of a set of observations, or from data gathered. It must be testable. • a. Use what you know about the problem to predict a solution and try it. • b. Look for patterns that will help you make predictions about the problem.
Scientific Method • Make or formulate a hypothesis- • c. Make a model, or a representation, of what you’re working with. • d. Break the problem down into smaller, simpler problems. A Hypothesis is a possible answer to a question or problem, it must be tested thoroughly.
Scientific Method • 4. Performing an experiment - design an experiment that will provide a means for you to make a solid conclusion about your hypothesis
Step 5: Recording and Analyzing Results 1. The data that has been collected must be organized and analyzed to determine whether the data are reliable. 2. Does the data support or not support the hypothesis?
Scientific Method • 6. Make a conclusion - a solid conclusion is related to the hypothesis and based on the results of a well designed experiment.
Step 6: Drawing Conclusions The evidence from the experiment is used to determine if the hypothesis is proven or disproven. Experiments must be repeated over and over. When repeated, the results should always be the same before a valid conclusion can be reached.
Draw Icons or Pictures • Tim & Moby Scientific Method. • In your note books, next to each step of the scientific method, draw an icon to help you remember them. • Example:
Designing a Controlled Experiment 1. The factors in an experiment that can be changed are called variables. Some example of variables would be: changing the temperature, the amount of light present, time, concentration of solutions used. 2. A controlled experiment works with one variable at a time. If several variables were changed at the same time, the scientist would not know which variable was responsible for the observed results. 3. In a “controlled experiment”only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be unchanged or “controlled”. 4. An experiment is based on the comparison between a ____________ with an ________________. control group experimental group a) These two groups are identical except for one factor. b) The control group serves as the comparison. It is the same as the experiment group, except that the one variable that is being tested is removed. c) The experimental group shows the effect of the variable that is being tested.
Example: In order to test the effectiveness of a new vaccine, 50 volunteers are selected and divided into two groups. One group will be the control group and the other will be the experimental group. Both groups are given a pill to take that is identical in size, shape, color and texture. Even though the volunteers are given identical looking pills, the control group will not actually receive the vaccine. Describe the control group. Describe the experimental group. What variables are kept constant? What variable is being changed? This group will receive the vaccine. The size, shape, color, and texture of the pill. Whether or not the pill contains the vaccine.
Experimental Design Concepts • A science experiment is designed so that only ONE variable is being tested at a time.
Experimental Design Concepts • A VARIABLE is something that is changed to study how this change effects the thing being studied.
Experimental Design Concepts • By changing only one variable, when you make your conclusion you can be assured that it is only that one variable that is causing the EFFECT.
Experimental Design Concepts • Independent variable (IV) - the variable that is purposely CHANGED by the experimenter.
Experimental Design Concepts • Dependent variable (DV) - the variable that responds and is the variable MEASURED. Its observed.
There are two variables in an experiment: b) The dependent variable is the one observed during the experiment. The dependent variable is the data we collect during the experiment. This data is collected as a result of changing the independent variable. a) The independent variable is the variable that is deliberately changed by the scientist.
Experimental Design Concepts • Constant (C) - all factors that are kept the SAME during the experiment.
Experimental Design Concepts • CONTROL - the standard to compare the experimental effect against. What you compare results to.
Experimental Design Concepts • Repeated trials - the NUMBER of objects/organisms undergoing treatment for each value of the independent variable, or the number of TIMES the experiment is repeated.
