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Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

Learn about Gigantism, Acromegaly, Pituitary Dwarfism, Cushing Syndrome, and more in this comprehensive guide to endocrine disorders.

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Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

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  1. Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

  2. Gigantism • hyper GH before 25 • extreme skeletal size

  3. Acromegaly • hyper GH during adulthood • gradual enlargement or elongation of facial bones and extremities

  4. Pituitary Dwarfism • Hypo GH before 25 • aka proportional dwarfism • Usually normal mental & sexual functions

  5. Cushing syndrome • hyper glucocorticoids like cortisol • fat deposits on upper back; striated pad of fat on chest and abdomen; “moon” face • may be caused by tumor of Ant. Pit (increased ACTH) • different form may be caused by hyper aldosterone (low K)

  6. Hyperthyroidism • hyper thyroid hormone • nervous, tremor, weight loss, excessive hunger; fatigue; irritability

  7. Graves disease • hyper thyroid hormone • inherited or possibly autoimmune • weight loss, nervousness, increased heart rate, esophthalmos goiter

  8. Hypothyroidism • hypo thyroid hormone • sluggish, weight gain; slowing of body function

  9. Cretinism • hypo thyroid hormone during early development • aka deformed dwarfism • retarded mental development; facial puffiness; lack of muscle coordination

  10. Goiter • lack of iodine in diet • enlargement of thyroid

  11. Winter depression • hyper melatonin • Usually in winter when days are shorter (sunlight inhibits melatonin) • Aka Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) • sadness resulting from exaggerated melatonin effects • expose to high-intensity light

  12. Diabetes insipidus • hypo or insensitivity to ADH • decrease in kidney’s retention of water • excessive urination • excessive thirst

  13. Diabetes Mellitus • “pass through honey” • Insulin allows glucose to transfer into cell • Hypo insulin OR target cell insensitivity to insulin • Hyperglycemia  glycosuria  polyuria  polydipsia • Hyperglycemia  no glucose for energy  polyphagia & use of protein & fat  ketoacidosis

  14. Type I diabetes • hypo insulin due to destruction of B cells in pancreas • Inherited • sudden childhood onset • polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, fatigue • Daily insulin injections • Aka insulin dependent daibetes mellitus (IDDM)

  15. Type II diabetes • insensitivity to insulin or decreased production • slow adulthood onset; • genetic and environmental factors • polydispia, polyuria, overeating, fatigue • Non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) • Lifestyle change or oral hypoglycemic agents

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