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CHAPTER 20

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  1. CHAPTER 20 Theodore Roosevelt and Progressive Reform, 1901 - 1909 Web

  2. United States at the Start of the 20th Century • McKinley assassinated • Theodore Roosevelt becomes president • Height of the progressive era • Notable rise in population from immigration • Time of social changes • 175,000 children in workforce in 1900 • Rising divorce rate • More women in school, workplace, and professions • National Women’s Trade Union • America becomes nation of consumers caught up in the new advertising

  3. European Immigration

  4. Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency • Nation fascinated by Roosevelt (TR) • Bully pulpit • Roosevelt’s reputation as “trustbuster” • Northern Securities Company • U.S. Steel • TR and arbitration of the Anthracite coal strike • J.P. Morgan • Square Deal • Elkins Act • “Beef Trust”

  5. Modern Presidency(cont.’d) • Race relations during Roosevelt’s administration • Booker T. Washington • Segregation as the norm • South’s white primary effective in excluding blacks from political process • W.E.B. DuBois • Roosevelt clear about foreign policy goals • Roosevelt Corollary • Panama Canal • Roosevelt re-elected decisively in 1904 • Interstate Commerce Commission

  6. Progressive Campaigns to Reform the Nation • Federal government tries to police business • Progressivism interpreted in different ways • Reform efforts broadened to politics • Direct primary, referenda, and recall • Muckrakers enter media coverage of events • Samuel McClure and Ida Tarbell • Suffrage movement has victories after 1910 • Municipal reform • Samuel Jones and Tom Johnson • City managers • Reformers succeed in direct election of senators

  7. Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency: The Second Term • Hepburn Act brings railroad regulation • Pure Food and Drug Act • Upton Sinclair • Roosevelt and world politics • Russo-Japanese War • Nobel Peace Prize • Morocco Affair • Gentleman’s agreement • “Great White Fleet” Web

  8. Second Term(cont.’d) • Challenges to Roosevelt’s reform • Supreme Court overturns some reform efforts • Conservation is great success for Roosevelt • Newlands Reclamation Act • Gifford Pinchot • National Monuments Act • Roosevelt keeps vow and does not run in 1908 • William Howard Taft • Republican party divided

  9. Discussion Questions • Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policy. Was Roosevelt a progressive or a conservative? • Discuss Roosevelt’s foreign policy. What were U.S. relations like with other nations of the world? • What was the Progressive Movement? What aspects of U.S. society did it affect? • What was Roosevelt role in conservation? How does one reconcile his love of hunting with his role as a conservationist?

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