Social Studies Unit 2

1. Social Studies Unit 2 Exploration to Early Statehood

2. What Are We Going to Learn? • Why did Europeans come to North America? • How was New Jersey colony divided and settled? • Why did the colonies want independence from Britain? • Why and how was the new Constitution written? • How did new forms of transportation change New Jersey?

3. Lesson 3 Vocabulary • boycott- • To refuse to buy a product • congress- • A formal meeting of representatives

4. Lesson 3 Vocabulary • constitution- • A plan of government • debt- • Something owed to someone else, often money

5. Lesson 3 Vocabulary • Loyalist- • A colonist who remained loyal to the British King. • militia- • A volunteer army

6. Lesson 3 Vocabulary • Parliament- • The lawmaking body of the British government. • Patriot- • A colonist who wanted independence from Britain

7. Lesson 3 Vocabulary • representative- • The act of speaking or acting for one person or for a group of people • revolution- • A sudden complete change of government

8. Lesson 3-The American Revolution • Why did the colonies want independence from Britain?

9. The British Colonies • Spain, France, and Britain (England) claimed land in North America. Over time this created conflicts and wars began. • After nine years of fighting, Britain gained Canada and all the land east of the Mississipi River

10. The British Colonies • Effects of French and Indian War- • Parliament believed the colonists should help pay for the war by taxing them • 1764- tax on sugar and other goods coming into the colonies • 1765- Stamp Act- colonists had to pay a tax on paper goods. • Tea Tax • Colonists were angry because they had no representation in Parliament (someone speaking up for them) and they wanted the same rights as British citizens.

11. Question Time! • Why did the British tax the colonists? • The British taxed the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War.

12. Tension Grows • Many people tried to reason with Parliament and wrote them letters and published their opinions of the unfairness in newspapers. • Response to Taxes: • Benjamin Franklin went to speak to Parliament and warn them that the colonists would fight to keep their freedom; Parliament didn’t listen. • Sons of Liberty- formed in Massachusetts. Encouraged other colonists to boycott British goods.

13. Tension Grows cont. • People walked down streets to voice their opinion of the unfairness. • Boston Massacre- 1770-British soldiers fired on a group of angry colonists. Five people were killed. • 1773- Boston Tea Party- group of colonists dumped a load of British tea into Boston Harbor.

14. Continental Congress • After Boston Tea Party- Britain closed the Harbor and took freedoms away from the colonists. • Philadelphia 1774- leaders of the colonies met and formed the First Continental Congress. • First Continental Congress asked all 13 colonies to boycott British goods. Also sent a letter to the kind explaining why they were angry.

15. The Revolution Begins • 1775- British troops marched into the Massachusetts countryside. • Battle at Lexington- first battle in the American Revolution • May- Second Continental Congress: created a Continental Army and made George Washington the leader of the army. • July 4, 1776- Second C.C. approved the Declaration of Independence. This document listed the colonists’ rights as citizens and their reasons for wanting freedom from Britain.

16. Brain Pop • It’s Brain Pop Time!

17. The War in New JerseyHow was New Jersey affected by the American Revolution? • Previous conflicts with Britain: • Lenape and settlers land dispute • Debts- Britain limited the amount of paper money that could print, people were desperate and wanted to take action against the British. • New Jersey Statehood: • Colonists were divided at first- loyalists and patriots • 1776- British government was replaced by William Livingston • Adopted a new constitution (plan of government) • Declared N.J.’s independence • Was no longer a British colony but an independent state

18. The War in New JerseyHow was New Jersey affected by the American Revolution? • Battles in New Jersey: • Three months after the British attacked New York, they invaded New Jersey. For 7 years, New Jersey was a main battleground of the American Revolution. • Three Major Battles fought in New Jersey • Battle at Trenton • Battle at Princeton **These two gave people hope that we could win the war • Battle at Monmouth Court House *MAP page 75 in textbook • American and British troops marched across many homes. They raided farms for food and supplies, causing both Loyalists and Patriots to suffer greatly.

19. The Battle of Trenton • The mercenaries, German Soldiers, were standing guard in Trenton • George Washington planed a surprise attack on Trenton • After dark, on Christmas Day, more than 2,000 troops crossed the Delaware River. They traveled in small cargo boats. The weather was bitter cold and the river was icy. • Arriving at sunrise December 26th Washington’s troops reached Trenton and attacked the mercenaries • The Continental Army killed or wounded many soldiers and took nearly 1,000 prisoners We won the Battle of Trenton!!!

20. Question Time! • What gave Americans hope that they could win the war? • The British defeats (victories) at Trenton and Princeton gave Americans hope that they could win the war.

21. The War Ends • August 1781- Washington marched his army across New Jersey to join the French at Yorktown. • October 19, 1781 British troops surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia. That was the last major battle of the American Revolution. • American Revolution officially ended September 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. • Treat of Paris: Recognizes the United States of America as an independent nation.

22. Question Time! • What officially ended the American Revolution? • The Treat of Paris ended the American Revolution.

23. Vocabulary Review • Boycott • Congress • Constitution • Debt • Loyalist • Militia • Parliament • Patriot • Representative • revolution

24. Lesson Review

25. Important People&Brain Pop George Washington Benjamin Franklin William Livingston Thomas Jefferson • It’s Brain Pop Time!