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Realistic Constraints and Engineering Standards for Design Projects

Explore the realistic constraints and engineering standards that impact design projects, including economic factors, environmental effects, sustainability, manufacturability, power consumption and efficiency, aesthetics, ethical considerations, health and safety issues, social ramifications, political factors, legal issues, and time.

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Realistic Constraints and Engineering Standards for Design Projects

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  1. EE 400D Realistic Constraints and Engineering Standards California State University Long Beach

  2. Engineering Design Constraints • Economic Factors • Environmental Effects • Sustainability • Manufacturability (Constructability) • Power consumption and efficiency • Aesthetics • Ethical considerations • Health and safety issues • Social ramifications • Political factors • Legal issues • Time

  3. Examples: • Safety: • The Bay Area of San Francisco is prone to high winds, which can shake and even break bridges that aren't build to withstand the wind force. Engineers create cables for the bridge that would bend and twist with the wind, instead of being torn apart. • Each design project will have different safety constraints depending on where it is and what it's used for. • For electronic systems, we would like to ensure that various parameters of the system are within specified limits by introducing voltage, current and power limits. The design should also incorporate safety features such as short circuit and overheating protections. Further, the design must consider a safe shutdown mechanism in case of malfunction. • Hazard elimination • Warnings and user training

  4. Economic constraints: • Every project has to consider a realistic budget. Aside from the project cost, there are other factors to consider, for instance, If you're designing a product to be sold to the public, you must consider how the design cost will be passed down to consumers. • Design cost • Development cost • Manufacturing cost etc. • Quality constraints: • Quality assurance: Regulations, Standards, Codes • Quality control: Inspection and Testing • Reliability: Design life, failure statistics

  5. Definitions: Standard: A standard is a document that defines the characteristics of a product, process or service, such as dimensions, safety aspects, and performance requirements. Code: Laws or regulations that specify minimum standards to protect public safety and health such as codes for construction of buildings. Voluntary standards are incorporated into building codes Specification: A set of conditions and requirements of precise and limited application that provide a detailed description of a procedure, process, material, product, or service for use primarily in procurement and manufacturing. Standards may be referenced or included in specifications. Technical Regulation: A mandatory government requirement that defines the characteristics and/or the performance requirements of a product, service or process.

  6. Standard Development Organizations: • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) • IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) • ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) • ANSI (American National Standards Institute) • NASA Standards • ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

  7. Why Standards are Needed: • They teach us, as engineers, how we can best meet environmental, health, safety and social responsibilities. • Promote safety • Ensure quality • Adopt accepted norms • Abide by mandatory regulations • Standards are a “COMMUNICATION” tool that allows all users to speak the same language when reacting to products or processes • They provide a “Legal,” or at least enforceable, means to evaluate acceptability and sale-ability of products and/or services • They can be taught and applied globally! • They, ultimately, are designed to protect the public from questionable designs, products and practices

  8. Searching for Standards Information via the Internet. https://share.ansi.org/Shared%20Documents/Education%20and%20Training/University%20Outreach%20Program/NSSN%20-%20ASEE%20Regional%20Meeting%20-%2010-04.pdf NSSN also has advanced search capabilities to find standards that may be relevant to your project. Link to IEEE Standards Search Page: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/index.html#

  9. Ethics in Engineering

  10. Health & Safety Standards:

  11. Make Standards part of your Life-long Learning process • Each student group must include a section in their final report on applicable standards and specifications applicable to their project • Which standards are applicable • How these standards were used • Each student group must discuss relevant engineering constraints that are applicable to their project in the final report.

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