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Development of First Civilizations: Geographic Influences & Historical Examples

Explore how geography shapes human existence, focusing on physical landscape and climate. Learn about core civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and more. Delve into the emergence of civilizations, the definition of civilization, and key features of ancient societies.

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Development of First Civilizations: Geographic Influences & Historical Examples

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  1. The First Civilizations Key Concept 1.3: The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

  2. The Role of Geography in Human Existence How does the environment that surrounds us shape how we live?

  3. Two factors are the predominant geographical forces in our lives: • Physical Landscape - What physical features does the area around you contain? - Mountains, plateaus, lakes, rivers, and other landforms 2. Climate - Climate is dependent on the physical landscape to a certain extent - Also affected by lines of longitude/latitude, elevation, which side of the mountain you are on, near large bodies of water

  4. I. Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where agriculture flourished Required examples of core and foundational civilizations – KNOW ALL + locations: • Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys • Egypt in the Nile River Valley • Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in the Indus River Valley • Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley • Olmecs in Mesoamerica • Norte Chico in Andean South America

  5. The Emergence of Civilizations

  6. Is the term Civilization a synonym for Good????

  7. How did the breakthrough to civilization occur? • Why in 3500 BCE? • What are the theories?

  8. What defines a Civilization?

  9. Depends on who you talk to: World HistoryRobBook Stable Food Supply Cities Large Cities Writing Centralized Gov Specialized Jobs Social Structure Social Classes Social Class - Government Monument Building (inequalities) Religion Writing Patriarchy Art The State-Kings Technology Writing

  10. Mesopotamia

  11. Standard of Ur

  12. Land between two Rivers

  13. Zagros Mountains

  14. Euphrates River

  15. Tigris River

  16. Irrigation Canals

  17. Ruins of Sumerian City of Mari

  18. Sumerians first to create City-States

  19. Ancient city of Ur

  20. Ziggurat – Sumerian Temple

  21. Sumerian People

  22. Polytheism – belief in more than one god

  23. Cuneiform

  24. Cuneiform- Latin word that means wedge

  25. Legacy of the Sumerians? • First writing system - cuneiform • Wheel - 3500 B.C. • Sail • Plow • Number system • Metallurgy – created Bronze • Architectural innovations – arches, columns, ramps – Ziggurat!

  26. Sumerians conquered by the Babylonians then the Assyrians

  27. The Persian people invaded and took control of Mesopotamia in 1900 B.C. • The invaders built a new capital city called Babylon so they became known as Babylonians • The most powerful king of the Babylonians was King Hammurabi he ruled until 1750 BCE • He became famous for creating a set of laws : the Code of Hammurabi -282 laws carved into stone monuments

  28. Assyrians • Next great power to dominate Mesopotamia - Assyrians • Rose to power in 900 B.C. • Feared for their military might and cruelty

  29. Siege Warfare

  30. Battering Rams

  31. Iron working technology

  32. Archers

  33. Psychological Warfare

  34. Prisoners being taken captive

  35. Conquered people were required to pay tribute

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