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The Rise and Impact of 20th Century Dictators: Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo, and Hitler

This overview explores the rise to power of four significant 20th-century dictators: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, and Adolf Hitler. Following Lenin's death, Stalin centralized power in the Soviet Union, enforcing collectivization and state control, resulting in widespread purges and famine. Mussolini established fascism in Italy, seeking to expand the empire. Tojo leveraged military influence to expand Japan's resources and power, while Hitler implemented Nazism, reshaping Germany and initiating aggressive expansion. Key strategies shared among these leaders include utilizing scapegoats, propaganda, and economic crises.

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The Rise and Impact of 20th Century Dictators: Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo, and Hitler

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  1. Essential Questions • Who were the dictators, how did they rise to power, and what did they do once in power?

  2. Soviet Union under Stalin • After Lenin died, Stalin worked behind the scenes to take power • Concentrate all power to himself, industrialize the Soviet Union through a command economy, Collectivization of farms • Soviet Union industrializes and becomes a totalitarian state

  3. Life in the Soviet Union under Stalin: Purges, Famine, Censorship etc…

  4. Russian Famine (caused by Stalin)

  5. Benito Mussolini • Italy • King allowed him to be prime minister. Mussolini used this position to give himself and the fascists control. • Fascism, devotion to Italy, wanted to make Italy into a great empire. • Italy builds up army, becomes an authoritarian country (step below totalitarian)

  6. Hideki Tojo • Japan • Career in the military. Promoted to War Minister and used these positions to control Japan. • Expand Japan’s empire into Asia to get resources and build up Japan’s army and economy • Japan’s army becomes powerful and empire spreads

  7. Adolf Hitler • Germany • Leads Nazi Party. Nazi Party wins many seats in elections and Hitler is made Chancellor. Uses this position to take control. • Nazism (Fascism + Racism), wants to expand German territory to the east, make Germany a great power • Builds up German Army, economy booms, invades other countries

  8. Finish Rise of Dictators Packet • Rearmament - Building back the army (troops, tanks, battleships, etc…) • Scapegoat – group of people/person blamed for problems

  9. Similarities in Dictators/Dictatorships • Used scapegoats to rise to power • Killed “enemies” who were in their way • Used the Great Depression and other crises to rise to power • People were desperate and supported them • Came to power legally and through elections • Made empty promises, used propaganda, and paranoia • Promoted fascism or communism to get support • Censorship and few rights for people • Built up the military and economy

  10. Similarities in Dictators/Dictatorships

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