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S chool K ids I nvestigating L anguage & L ife in S ociety

S chool K ids I nvestigating L anguage & L ife in S ociety. 1 February 2015 Lesson 3: Linguistic Landscapes & Levels of Linguistic Structure Teaching Fellows Anna Bax and Katie Jan. Vocabulary Review. Accent: The way words sound—pronunciation, emphasis, rhythm.

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S chool K ids I nvestigating L anguage & L ife in S ociety

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  1. SchoolKidsInvestigatingLanguage &Life inSociety 1 February 2015 Lesson 3: Linguistic Landscapes & Levels of Linguistic Structure Teaching Fellows Anna Bax and Katie Jan

  2. Vocabulary Review • Accent: The way words sound—pronunciation, emphasis, rhythm. • Dialect: A particular form of language that is spoken by a specific region or social group. • Language: Not mutually comprehensible. Recognized politically and institutionally supported. • Variety: the linguistic/scientific cover term for all three

  3. Linguistic Landscapes • Where was this photo taken? • What is the photo of? What kind of public language is it? (Street sign, advertisement, billboard, etc.) • How many languages can you see? • What is the relative status of the languages? How can you tell? • Who wrote the text? Who is the intended audience? • Is (at least some of) it in another language besides English? If so, why do you think this language is included? • Is there a translation? Why/why not? Is it translated well or awkwardly? Is it even correct? • Is there anything you don’t understand? • Is there anything else that stands out to you about the use of language?

  4. Markedness • Categories, identities, language • Unmarked • Thought of as “natural,” “normal,” or “ordinary,” and therefore less visible • The Panthers, a man • Marked • Thought of as somehow different than the norm • The Lady Panthers, a gay man

  5. Levels of Linguistic Structure • Phonology • Morphology • Lexicon • Syntax • Intonation / Prosody

  6. Phonology • Phonology = all the patterns in a language that directly involve sounds. Rules for “sound systems” of languages. • Phoneme = a single sound of a language. • Phonemes are contrastive if they can change the meaning of the words they belong to. • Kill vs. kiss vs. kick • Cat vs. rat vs. bat

  7. Morphology • Morphology =rules for how “chunks” of meaning get combined into words • Morpheme = a meaningful unit of language than cannot be further divided into smaller parts. • Prefix, suffix, root. • Free morphemes can stand on their own. • Bound morphemes have to be attached to other morphemes.

  8. Syntax • Syntax = the rules for combining words into sentences. Also known as “grammar.” • These rules are so natural we don’t even need to learn them - babies learn to speak their native language perfectly without ever taking an English class. • Subject • Verb • Object • Subject • Object • Verb

  9. Lexicon • Lexicon = differences in vocabulary

  10. Intonation / Prosody • Intonation = the patterns of stress and rhythm; the rise and fall of a voice • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc7quH-i_0w • Say the following sentence, each time stressing a different word: • I didn’t say we should kill him. • I didn’t say we should kill him. • I didn’t say we should kill him. Howyou say something affects its meaning!

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