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SUBREGIONAL REPORT

This report provides a detailed comparative analysis of the political, economic, and social structures of Bangladesh, Fiji, Malaysia, Nepal, and Singapore. It explores the political frameworks, including forms of government and ruling parties, alongside an economic overview highlighting trade, exports, and major indicators like growth and inflation. Additionally, it assesses the social and labor structures, discussing population dynamics, labor force statistics, and union representation. The findings offer insights into the distinct characteristics and challenges faced by these subregions.

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SUBREGIONAL REPORT

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  1. SUBREGIONAL REPORT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BANGLADESH, FIJI MALAYSIA, NEPAL & SINGAPORE

  2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • NATIONAL CONTEXT • Political Structure • Economic Structure • Social & Labour Structure • TRADE UNION STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS • SOCIAL SECURITY & OHS/E SYSTEMS • WORKERS’ PARTICIPATION & PROBLEMS

  3. POLITICAL STRUCTURE FORM OF STATE • Bangladesh, Fiji & Singapore : Republic • Malaysia & Nepal : Constitutional Monarchy HEAD OF STATE • Bangladesh, Fiji & Singapore : President • Malaysia & Nepal : King

  4. POLITICAL STRUCTURE THE EXECUTIVE : PRIME MINISTER NATIONAL LEGISLATURE • Bangladesh & Singapore : Unicameral Parliamentary System • Fiji, Malaysia & Nepal : Bicameral Parliamentary House Lower House : House of Representative Upper House : Senate

  5. POLITICAL STRUCTURE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE BANGLADESH Awami League as Ruling Party & 4 opposition parties (BNP, JP, Bangladesh Jamate Islam & Islamic Okyajute) FIJI Coalition Government headed by Fiji Labour Party, VLV & PANU with one main opposition party (SVT)

  6. POLITICAL STRUCTURE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE MALAYSIA Coalition Government led by the National Front and 5 main opposition parties (UMNO, MCA, MIC, Gerakan, PPBB, SNAP) NEPAL Nepalese Congress is the ruling party and one main opposition party (CPNUML) SINGAPORE Peoples’ Action Party (PAP) as ruling party and Workers’ Party, SDP & NSP as main oppositions

  7. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE Nature of Economy Main Features • Open economy dependent on trade & foreign direct investments as engine of growth BANGLADESH, FIJI & NEPAL Agriculture based with large informal sector MALAYSIA & SINGAPORE Strong manufacturing & services sectors

  8. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TRADE : EXPORTS & IMPORTS BANGLADESH Key Exports : Textiles/Garments, Jute Goods & leather Imports : Yarn, Machinery, Transport Equipment & Food FIJI Key Exports : Sugar, Gold, Garments Imports : Manufactured Goods, Food & Machinery & Transport Equipment

  9. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TRADE : EXPORTS & IMPORTS MALAYSIA Key Exports : Electronic Goods, Palm Oil & Petroleum Imports : Manufacturing goods, machinery & Transport Equipment NEPAL Key Exports : Garments, Carpets & Jute Imports : Fertilisers, Medicines & Vehicles

  10. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TRADE : EXPORTS & IMPORTS SINGAPORE Key Exports : Machinery, Fuel & Chemicals Imports : Machinery Equipment, Manufacturing Goods & Fuel

  11. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC INDICATORS • Economic Growth - Singapore (5.6%), Bangladesh (5.2%), Malaysia (5.1%), Nepal (2.8%) & Fiji (1.3%) • Inflation - Singapore (0.5%), Malaysia (2.8%), Bangladesh (5.2%), Fiji (8.1%) & Nepal (10%)

  12. SOCIAL STRUCTURE • POPULATION (GROWTH RATE) Bangladesh - 120 million (5.1%) Malaysia - 22.2 milllion Nepal - 20 million Singapore - 3.8 million (1.7%) Fiji - 0.79 million (-0.1%) • LIFE EXPECTANCY Singapore - 77 years Nepal - 60 years Bangladesh - 58 years • LITERACY RATE Singapore - 93% Bangladesh - 48% Nepal 44%

  13. LABOUR STRUCTURE • LABOUR FORCE Bangladesh - 56 million Malaysia - 8.7 milllion Nepal - 4.8 million Singapore - 1.98 million • UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Nepal (>30%), Bangladesh (2.5%), Singapore (3.5%), Malaysia (2.5%)

  14. Our Union OUR UNION UNION STRUCTURE NATIONAL CENTRE 1 National Centre Fiji, Malaysia & Singapore Multiple National Centres Bangladesh (2) Nepal (3) UNION MEMBERSHIP Bangladesh - 17.4m, Nepal - 1.4 m Malaysia - 0.6 m, Fiji - 50,000 Singapore - 300,000 UNION REPRESENTATION IN TRIPARTITE BODIES

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