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Comprehensive Guide to Articular System: Joints, Structure, and Pathological Terms

Explore the purposes and types of joints, joint structure, planes, axes, degrees of freedom, and common pathological terms related to the articular system. Understand how joints allow motion, bear weight, provide stability, and function based on fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial classifications.

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Comprehensive Guide to Articular System: Joints, Structure, and Pathological Terms

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  1. Chapter 3Articular System

  2. Purposes of Joints • Allow motion • Bear weight • Provide stability

  3. Types of Joints • Fibrous • Cartilaginous • Synovial • Nonaxial • Uniaxial • Biaxial • Triaxial • Synarthrosis • Syndesmosis • Gomphosis

  4. Joint Structure • Bone • Ligament • Capsule • Outer layer • Inner layer (synovial membrane) • Synovial fluid • Cartilage • Tendon • Bursa

  5. Planes and Axes • Planes • Saggital plane • Frontal plane • Transverse plane • Axes • Sagittal axis • Frontal axis • Vertical axis

  6. Degrees of Freedom • Number of planes in which joint can move • Uniaxial joint has one degree of freedom • Biaxial joint has two degrees of freedom • Triaxial joint has three degrees of freedom

  7. Common Pathological Terms • Dislocation • Subluxation • Osteoarthritis • Sprain • Tendonitis • Synovitis • Tenosynovitis • Bursitis • Capsulitis

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