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Chapter 12: Growth and Diversity By Wolran Kim

Asian Americans. Chapter 12: Growth and Diversity By Wolran Kim . CONTENTS. Who are they Model-Minority Racial Inequality Pan-Asian Identity Groups by nationality (6) 2 U-Tube videos Conclusion. Who are They?. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are a diverse

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Chapter 12: Growth and Diversity By Wolran Kim

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  1. Asian Americans Chapter 12: Growth and Diversity By Wolran Kim

  2. CONTENTS • Who are they • Model-Minority • Racial Inequality • Pan-Asian Identity • Groups by nationality (6) • 2 U-Tube videos • Conclusion

  3. Who are They? Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are a diverse One of the fastest-growing segments Viewed as a model or ideal minority Inaccurate image Immigration is the primary source of growth Hawaii all Asian groups coexist

  4. Asian Pacific Islanders,2008

  5. Where do they live ?

  6. Understanding Racial Inequality • Robert Blauner (1972): work suggests a sharp distinction should be drawn between groups who came here voluntarily and those who came here by force. • Native Americans: military conquest • African Americans: slave trade • Puerto Rico: colonized as a result of war • Mexicans: conquest of Southwest • Asian Americans: Free immigration

  7. The Image of Model-Minority • Overcome prejudice • Past discrimination • Succeeds: Economically Socially Educationally • No resorting to political • No violent confrontations

  8. Median Household Income ($)

  9. Median Income by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

  10. Percentage Completing College (%)

  11. Degree of Prejudice Directed Toward one’s Racial or Ethnic Group Source: Bruce E. Cain and D. Roderick Kiewiet, Minorities in California (1986), p. lll-115

  12. Political Activity and Pan-Asian Identity • Seeking to recognize themselves • Have own organizations • Still developing: many still are not citizens • New concept to newly arrived Asians • Weak of Panethnicity • Need to unify their diverse subgroups as pan-Asian

  13. Chinese Americans(22%) • Began to arrive in the 1840s as laborers • Predominantly men: Chinatowns • 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act • 1965 Immigration Act gave China: 20,000/year • 1970s, separate immigration quotas for China, Hong Kong, & Taiwan • 1989 Tiananmen Square student protests • No returning of student leaders: imprisonment

  14. Filipino Americans (17%) • History: 300 years colonized by Spain, 50 years from Japan & America • Different Asian cultures: espouse egalitarian family and gender roles • Early 20th century: immigration by colonial relationship between the U.S. • 1st generation: 1920s by employed in agricultural labor • Negative treatment: Tydings-McDuffie Act, 1934 • Newest immigrants: 1965 Act. Many proffessionals • 40%: immigrated since 1990 • Second-class status: overt & covert racism

  15. Asian Indians (18%) • History: colonized by Great Britain until 1947 • Immigration began in 1830 as laborers • Large-scale social movements: professionals or to seek a professional education • Religious and political divisions between Hindus, Muslims, and secular nationalists.

  16. Southeast Asian Americans (10%+) • Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians • Ethnically and linguistically diverse • 10% of the total Asian American • Refugees: gook syndrome, boat people • The current picture: permanent home, downward social mobility (language barrier) • Encouragement children, but crime

  17. Korean Americans (9.7%) • The fifth-largest Asian American group: 1.3 million in 2008 • Three waves of immigration • Initial wave: 7,000 immigrants to Hawaii as laborers in 1903-1910 • 2nd wave: 14,000 after the Korean War in 1951-1964 • 3rd wave: after 1965 Immigration Act, 40% arrived since 1990 • Marginal position between the cultures of Korea and U.S. • Korean American women commonly participate in the labor force • Begin small service or retail business • Kye: benefit from a special form of development capital (or cash) • The friction between Korean Americans and other subordinate groups • Church: 70% affiliated with Korean ethnic churches

  18. Hawai’i and Its People • Cultural diversity (Haoles) • White 25%, Japanese 13%, Filipino 14%, Pacific Islanders 12%, Hispanic 9% • Initially populated by Polynesian people • 1898, during the revolution, annexed as a territory to the U.S. • Achieved good race relations • Sovereignty movement • Hawaii is not a racial paradise, but harmony

  19. U-tube Video • New Asian 'American Dream': Asians Surpass Hispanics in Immigration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AofKyizzAko • Yellow Fever- Asian American Stereotypes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCvpflQlfZw

  20. Ten Things Everyone Should Know about Race2003 California Newsreel 1. Race is a modern idea. 2. Race has no genetic basis. 3. Human subspecies don't exist. 4. Skin color really is only skin deep. 5. Most variation is within, not between, "races.” 6. Slavery predates race. 7. Race and freedom evolved together. 8. Race justified social inequalities as natural. 9. Race isn't biological, but racism is still real. 10. Colorblindness will not end racism.

  21. CONCLUSION • A heterogeneous population • Given the significant proportion of Asian Americans • Helping professionals focuses on clinical issues or individual change; racism and xenophobia • Needed macro and micro level interventions.

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