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Multiple Personality Disorder

Multiple Personality Disorder. Compiled by: Miss Larissa Falcao Under guidance of: Dr.Mrs.Rashmi Srivastava. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info. Introduction.

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Multiple Personality Disorder

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  1. Multiple Personality Disorder Compiled by: Miss Larissa Falcao Under guidance of: Dr.Mrs.Rashmi Srivastava For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  2. Introduction • MPD or DID is defined as a condition in which “two or more distinct identities or personality states” exist. • MPD is an incredibly creative defense mechanism. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  3. Symptoms of MPD • Depersonalization • Amnesia • Depression • Hallucinations • Multiple mannerisms, attitudes and beliefs that are dissimilar to each other • Headaches and other body pains • Distortion or loss of subjective time For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  4. Other Minor Symptoms • Schizophrenia, • Epilepsy, • Anxiety, • Mood disorders, • Sleepwalking, repeated self-injury, chronic suicidal tendencies, emotional dysregulation, phobias, • Posttraumatic stress, • Personality and eating disorders. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  5. Causes of MPD • MPD arises in childhood, there is no adult onset MPD. MAJOR CAUSE: • A child, suffering unspeakable, life-threatening sexual/ physical/ emotional abuse. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  6. OTHER CAUSES: • Overwhelming stress, trauma, • Insufficient childhood nurturing, • Is created iatrogenically, For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  7. MECHANISM For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  8. Cerebral changes: Median and superior frontal Region • Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with MPD: • Decreased in the orbitofrontal region bilaterally. • Increased in median and superior frontal regions and occipital regions bilaterally. Occipital Orbitofrontal For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  9. Psychological Aspect: For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  10. ALTERS Alters is the name given to the distinct personalities which are formed. • Number varies, • Particular job, • Co-consciousness, • Behaviors and interests, • Perception, • Different nationalities, races, languages, vision, handwriting and time periods. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  11. Different types of Alters are: • Host, • Original Birth Child, • Child Alters, • Teens, • Gatekeepers, • Internal Self Helpers, For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  12. Alters contd… • Protectors, • Fully-fledged personalities, • Fragment alters. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  13. Triggers • Seeing the abuser • A certain smell, sound, touch or even time, colour, music, • Arguments, anger and aggression, • Sex, • Tensions, etc. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  14. Diagnosis The diagnostic criteria in DSM-IV Dissociative disorders section 300.14 require : • Two or more distinct identities or personality states, • Inability to recall important personal information • Disturbance, not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance, or a general medical condition. In children, symptoms not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  15. Diagnostic tests: • Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) : A set of 28 questions Scale: (Never) o o o o o o o o o o (Always) • Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV: (SCID-D) : 30 mins - 1.5 hrs: depending on individual's experiences. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  16. Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS): 30-45 minutes. Has a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90%. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  17. Treatment For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  18. Psychotherapy: Several stages: • an initial phase for uncovering and "mapping" the patient's alters; • a phase of treating the traumatic memories and "fusing" the alters; • and a phase of consolidating the patient's newly integrated personality. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  19. Psychoanalysis • The first practice to be called a psycho therapy. • Classical technique. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  20. Rorschach inkblot test: • A psychological projective test of personality. • Subject's interpretations of ten standard ink blots. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  21. Cognitive behaviour therapy: Group therapy: • To treat social phobia. Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT): • The user interacts with computer software (either on a PC, or sometimes via a voice- activated phone service), instead of face to face with a therapist. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  22. Medication: Antidepressants: • Moclobemide • Imipramine • Desipramine • Fluoxetine • Venlafaxine • Others For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  23. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  24. Anti anxiety drugs: • Diazepam • Buspirone • Hydroxyzine • Propranolol Tranquillizers: • Haloperidol • Clozapine For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  25. Alternative treatment: • Expressive Therapy : e.g.: Art therapy • Hydrotherapy, Botanical medicine, therapeutic massage and yoga. • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) if appropriate For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  26. Self-help; the best help. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  27. History Books: • Sidney Sheldon’s Tell me your dreams, • Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, • Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Movies influenced by reality: • Sybil, MPD in fiction: • Bhool Bhulaiyaa, Aparichit(Hindi), etc. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  28. SURVEY For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  29. Epidemiology For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  30. Bibliography: • Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine • www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp • http://deltabravo.net/custody/rorschach.php • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic desensitization • http://www.w3c.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  31. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/Sancar.htmlhttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/Sancar.html • D:\Mpd\Multiple Personality Disorder and the Consciousness Restructuring Process-black screen.mht • http://skepdic.com/mpd.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotherapy • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961993?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  32. http://counsellingresource.com/quizzes/des/index.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerised_CBT • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy • http://skepdic.com/inkblot.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorschach_inkblot_test For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant • http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/antianxiety_drugs.jsp • http://www.cmcsb.com/tranquil.htm • Essentials of Medical pharmacology – K. D. Tripathi. • Principles of anatomy and Physiology – Tortora and Derrickson. For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

  34. THANK YOU For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info

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