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Agreement

Agreement. Section 9. Being able to identify the subject and verb correctly will be essential in determining agreement It also helps you with commas (and semicolons as you will see later). Subject-Verb Agreement. The verb of a sentence must agree with its subject in number

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Agreement

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  1. Agreement Section 9

  2. Being able to identify the subject and verb correctly will be essential in determining agreement • It also helps you with commas (and semicolons as you will see later) Subject-Verb Agreement

  3. The verb of a sentence must agree with its subject in number • Meaning that singular subjects NEED singular verbs • And, plural subjects NEED plural verbs • Note: verbs agree only with subjects NOT predicate nominatives Subject-Verb Agreement

  4. The row of bushes was planted to form a privacy screen. • The boats by the dock need repair. • Coach Brock, together with his players, is leaving the tournament. • The stereo, including CD changer and speakers, was on sale. was need is was Subject-Verb Agreement

  5. If a sentence asks a question or begins with there or here, you must locate the subject and make sure the verb agrees with it • There and here are rarely subjects • What is the title of your project? • There are thirty-five pages in this chapters. • Here are the ingredients for the recipe. Subject-Verb Agreement

  6. Titles of literary works, works of art, organizations, cities, and countries are usually singular even if they are plural in form • Pickwick Papers is a novel written by Charles Dickens. • The Massacre of the Innocents by Giovanni Pisano was used to adorn a pulpit in Italy. • General Motors is a huge corporation. Subject-Verb Agreement

  7. Collective nouns may be either singular or plural. • Collective nouns name groups • Jury, team, class, family, ect • A collective noun is singular when the group is thought of as a unit • The jury has been dismissed. • A collective noun is plural when the group is thought of as individuals acting separately • The jury were unable to agree among themselves. Subject-Verb Agreement

  8. Expressions stating amounts (fractions, measurements, money, time) may be either singular or plural • They are singular when the amount is considered a unit • They are plural when the amount is regarded as separate parts Subject-Verb Agreement

  9. Two thirds of the milk was spilled on the floor. • Two thirds of the peanuts were gone. • Six dollars for a hamburger is expensive. • Six dollars were placed in separate envelopes and distributed to the children. Subject-Verb Agreement

  10. Words ending in –icscan be singular or plural • Singular • Courses of study or sciences • Civicswas his best subject in high school. • Mathematicsis a pure science. • Plural • When they do not refer to courses or sciences • Gymnasticsare performed before large audiences. • His ethicsare not what they should be. Subject-Verb Agreement

  11. Compound subjects joined by and take a plural verb • Jack and Joe were here today. • Sometimes subjects joined by and refer only to one person or are considered one thing • In these instances, use a singular verb • Our quarterback and team captainis Jared Johnson. Subject-Verb Agreement

  12. When a compound subject is joined by or, nor, either—or, neither—nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject • Either her helpers of the librarianis there to assist you. • Either the librarian or her helpersare there to assist you. Subject-Verb Agreement

  13. The following infinitive pronouns are singular and take a singular verb: • Each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody • Everyone in the room is working toward a definite goal. • Neither of the contestants was well prepared. Subject-Verb Agreement

  14. The following indefinite pronouns are plural and take plural verbs: • Both, few, several, many • Many of the flowers are in full bloom. • Several of the workers are receiving safety awards. Subject-Verb Agreement

  15. The following indefinite pronouns may be either singular or plural: • Some, any, none, all, most • To determine the necessary verb, you need to look at the context of the sentence • All of the land was cultivated. • All of the seeds were carefully planted. Subject-Verb Agreement

  16. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  17. Number • A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number • If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun referring to it must be singular • If the antecedent is plural, the pronoun referring to it must be plural Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  18. Use a singular pronouns to refer to the singular indefinite pronouns: • Each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody • Each of the girls came armed with their own ideas. • Correct? • Each of the girls came armed with her own ideas. • Correct Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  19. Use plural pronouns to refer to the plural indefinite pronouns: • Both, few, several, many • A few filled their nets with fish. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  20. The indefinite pronouns some, any, non, all, most may be referred to by singular or plural pronouns, depending on the sense of the sentence • Most of the trees have lost their leaves. • Most of the castle retains its splendor. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  21. Pronouns that refer to compounds antecedents joined by and are usually plural • RobertandKevin visited their parents during the holidays. • Pronouns that refer to compound antecedents joined by or ornor usually agree with the nearer antecedent • Neither Mark nor his bothers have received their passports. • Neither Mark norTom has received his passport. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  22. Gender • A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender • Antecedents of masculine gender (male sex) are referred to by he, him, his • Mr. Wilson put some papers into his briefcase. • Antecedents of feminine gender (female sex) are referred to by she, her, hers • The bride tossed her bouquet toward the unmarried girls. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  23. Antecedents of neuter gender (no sex) are referred to by it, its • The tree lost all its leaves. • Antecedents of common gender (sex not known) are referred to by he, him, his • It is understood that masculine pronouns include both male and female • Each speaker maintained his poise. (most correct) • Each speaker maintained their poise. (formally incorrect—no longer seen as incorrect) • Each speaker maintained his or herpoise. (politically correct) Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  24. Person • A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person • We can bring our picnic table. (first person) • Will you ask your mother for that recipe? (second person) • Matt gave his speech first. (third person) Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

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