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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Blood Vessels. Artery: vessels carrying blood away from the heart Arteriole: branch off of artery, carrying blood away from the heart Vein: vessels carrying blood toward the heart Venule : smaller branch of of vein carrying blood towards the heart

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System

  2. Blood Vessels • Artery: vessels carrying blood away from the heart • Arteriole: branch off of artery, carrying blood away from the heart • Vein: vessels carrying blood toward the heart • Venule: smaller branch of of vein carrying blood towards the heart • Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs. Between arteriole and venule

  3. Working Against Gravity • Blood pressure is lower further away from the heart (less force pushing blood through vessels) • Blood moves from tiny capillaries to larger veins • Smooth muscle and venous valves work together to keep the blood moving in the right direction

  4. Vasodilation: smooth muscle surrounding vessels relaxes allowing more blood to travel to the tissue (cools down blood) • Vasoconstriction: smooth muscle surrounding vessels contracts causing less blood to travel to the tissue (warms up blood)

  5. Various Chambers of the Heart Atria upper chambers of the heart  receive blood being returned to the heart Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood that has already circulated throughout the body Left Atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs Right Atrium Left Atrium

  6. Ventricles  lower chambers of the heart  receive blood from atria and pump blood out to lungs or the body Right Ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the lungs Left Ventricle pumps blood through aortic valve to the body Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

  7. Four Types of Valves Regulate Flow Through the Heart Tricuspid valve regulates flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle Pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up more oxygen Right Atrium Pulmonary valve Left Atrium Right Ventricle Tricuspid Left Ventricle

  8. Bicuspid Valve lets oxygen rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle Aortic Valve opens the way for oxygen rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta where it is delivered to the rest of your body Right Atrium Pulmonary valve Bicuspid Left Atrium Aortic valve Right Ventricle Tricuspid Left Ventricle

  9. The Arteries and Veins Superior Vena Cava takes deoxygenated blood from the upper body and brings it to the right atrium Inferior Vena Cava takes deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body and carries it to the right atrium Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium Pulmonary valve Bicuspid Left Atrium Aortic valve Right Ventricle Tricuspid Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava

  10. Aorta  largest artery in the human body  carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Aorta Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium Pulmonary valve Bicuspid Left Atrium Aortic valve Right Ventricle Tricuspid Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava

  11. Pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs Pulmonary Vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium Pulmonary valve Bicuspid Left Atrium Aortic valve Right Ventricle Tricuspid Inferior Vena Cava

  12. g Superior Vena Cava Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary valve Right Atrium Left Atrium Bicuspid Right Ventricle Aortic valve Left Ventricle Tricuspid Inferior Vena Cava

  13. Blood Flow • Vena Cava • Right Atrium • Right ventricle • Pulmonary Artery • Lungs • Pulmonary Veins • Left atrium • Left Ventricle • Aorta • Body Blue = de-oxygenated blood Red = oxygenated blood

  14. Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure: the force created by the contraction of the heart and the resistance on the vessel walls. • Generated by the contraction of the left ventricle when blood is pumped out of the heart and into the aorta

  15. Blood Pressure • Systolic Blood pressure • The fluid pressure inside a major artery close to the heart after the ventricle contracts • The normal systolic blood pressure for a young adult is 120mmHg • Diastolic Blood pressure • The fluid pressure inside a major artery close to the heart before the ventricle contracts • The normal diastolic blood pressure for a young adult is 80mmHg

  16. Blood Pressure • Blood pressure is expressed as systolic blood pressure over diastolic blood pressure. (In this case 120/80mmHg) • Blood pressure decreases as it moves further away from the heart • Aorta/Arteries – Highest pressure (avg. pressure 95mmHg) • Arterioles – High pressure (avg. pressure 60mmHg) • Capillaries – Low pressure (avg. pressure 30mmHg) • Venules – Very low pressure (avg. pressure 15mmHg)

  17. Blood Pressure • Arterial Blood pressure is affected by 2 variables: • Cardiac output • Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute expressed as (Q) • An increase in cardiac output results in an increase in blood pressure and vice versa • Resistance • Diameter of arteries controlled by smooth muscle • Blockage in artery (fat deposits)

  18. Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure can be measured by a sphygmomanometer and is expressed in (millimeters of mercury or mmHg)

  19. Blood Pressure • Sphygmomanometer

  20. Blood Pressure:Irregularities • Hypertension (high blood pressure), usually 140/90 or higher for an extended period of time. • Damages the heart and blood vessels • Higher pressure can cause small tears in artery walls • Caused by genetic factors, excess body weight, diet or lack of exercise

  21. Blood Pressure:Irregularities

  22. Heart Disease • Stroke • Heart Attack • Bone marrow transport • Hypertension • Cholesterol

  23. Blood • Average adult has around 5 L of blood • 55% plasma • Less than 1% white blood cells • 45% Red blood cells

  24. Plasma • Fluid portion of blood • 90% water • Albumins – maintain body fluid levels • Globulins – immunity • Fibrinogens – blood clotting

  25. Red Blood Cells (RBC) • Also known as erythrocytes • Transport oxygen • Hematocrit is ratio of RBC volume to total blood volume • 1 RBC has 280 million hemoglobin • Hemoglobin bind to oxygen, are red when oxygen is present and blue when it is not • 5 million RBC are produced every minute • Anemia: deficiency of RBC or hemoglobin, mostly caused by excessive bleeding or dietary dificiency of iron which is a main component of hemoglobin

  26. White Blood Cells • Also called Leukocytes • Estimated that RBC out number White blood cells by ratio of 700:1 • Some are used to destroy invading microbes by phagocytosis. They exit the blood stream and engulf the invading microbe. Then they release an enzyme to digest the microbe. They remaining proteins from this process are called pus.

  27. Platelets • Small rough cell that initiate blood clotting

  28. Types of Blood • A • B • AB • O • Determined by markers • Type A blood has antigens for B • Type B has antigens for A • Type O has no antegens • Rhesus Factor determines +/-

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