MDG Goal#2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

1. MDG Goal#2:Achieve Universal Primary Education Aquino Marasigan Mercado Sazon

2. MDG Goal#2 • Achieve universal primary education • specifically aims to ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

4. Present Status of the Goal • Slow progress of achieving this goal in the Philippines • There is a lower probability of achieving this goal compared to other MDG • Net enrollment ratio in primary education as well as the proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 6 are far below their targets.

5. Current Condition of Philippine Education • Deteriorating condition of education • With our generally low enrolment rates, low proportion of pupils starting grade 1 to 6, and high drop-out rates the country’s rank in education out of 138 other countries cannot be denied.

6. Current Condition of Philippine Education • The Philippines, according to National Competitiveness Council (NCC), is ranked 99 in terms of primary education, 69th in the educational system, and 112th in science and math. • the Philippines was falling behind Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

8. Factors that Led to the Current Condition of Education in the Philippines • Can be attributed to the lack of funds • during the Macapagal-Arroyo administration, “the government has been religiously implementing the limited or zero growth in government spending recommended by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank”

9. Factors • the average annual growth rate of the DepEd’s budget has been negative 3.5 percent. • decrease in funds has continued to affect in terms of condition of education • lack of funds has resulted to the many shortages in education such as lack of textbooks, classrooms, seats, and most especially teachers.

10. Factors • Increase in tuition and other fees due to the reduction of allocation for state universities and colleges. • With increase in college tuition, less of the poor majority can enroll into universities and colleges • Affects their chances of getting employed

11. Factor • Unemployment • No job-> no income->no education for children

12. Possibility of the Philippines to achieve this goal • The Philippines, unfortunately, will not achieve its goal of universal primary education by 2015 as seen in the poor “trends in education indicators,” • Insufficient budget given to the Department of Education (DepEd) is the reason for the probable failure of achieving the target.

13. Efforts of the Present Administration to achieve Goal #2 • The Aquino Administration has currently increased the budget of the Department of Education by 15.2% to P238.8 billion in 2012 from P207.3 billion • building 66,000 classrooms • hiring 13,000 additional teachers in 2012

14. Efforts of the Present Administration to achieve Goal #2 • increasing the educational cycle to 12 years basic education • giving pre-schooling for all • providing a Madaris Education • introducing Technical Vocational Education as an alternative for high school seniors after graduating • campaigning to make every child a reader by Grade 1 • building a strong Science and Math curriculum

15. Efforts of the Present Administration to achieve Goal #2 • using Filipino as a medium of instruction for Grades 1-3 • providing quality textbooks • teaming up with the local governments to build more schools in smaller areas. • so far they have not yet been executed

16. The K+12 Program • entitles that a 12-year basic education is given to every Filipino • encompasses 12 years of education and a year for kindergarten

17. Benefits of the K+12 • Workload will be equally distributed with the extra two years. • Allows graduates to adjust to the new demands of the changing society and gain new skills that are needed for the current job market • Helps prepare Graduates for higher education

18. Benefits of the K+12 • More years of education would supposedly increase wages • Makes it easier to go overseas for academics and professionals can also now be recognized overseas. • Economy’s growth is predicated to increase in the long run

19. Benefits of the K+12 • Graduates and professionals will be recognized and at par with standards abroad • Develops individuals in emotional and intellectual aspects making them more capable in pursuit of work-life.

20. K+12 • Will not help in achieving the second goal of the MDG’s • K+12 will take from the already small amount of budget. • Adding years does not ensure the quality of education • The poorer citizens of the Philippines will not be able to afford the additional years

21. K+12 • The Aquino administration should focus on improving the quality of education now. • Funds for this implementation could just be used for building more classrooms, providing more textbooks, and hiring more teachers.

22. Possible Solutions for the Government to Do to Keep the Target by 2015 • raising enough resources, willingness to reform the tax system, the focus on educational reforms, and “the preferences for fiscal austerity versus the desire to spend in order to deliver essential services.” • additional money must be given to the education sector in order for the second goal to be achieved.

23. Possible Solutions for the Government to Do to Keep the Target by 2015 • The future of Goal #2 lies on how the government will spend the funds. • Provide for the shortages in classrooms, seats, textbooks and teachers. By increasing the resources available, then more students can be accommodated. • Tuition fees should not be increased

24. Possible Solutions for the Government to Do to Keep the Target by 2015 • find a way to keep students in school • financial aid should be established

25. Analysis of Statistics • Enrollment and Dropout Rates • The enrolment and dropout rates depict how many students in each year are studying in school and how many actually finish a school year.

26. Net enrolment ratio at the elementary level continued to decrease in SY 2005-2006 and still far from the target Net enrolment ratio at the secondary level increased slightly in SY 2005-2006 but still way below the target

27. Enrollment and Dropout Rates • Enrolment ratio actually decreased, failing to hit the target. • A decrease in the amount of people able to apply for jobs

28. Dropout rate at the elementary level declined slightly in SY 2004-2005 but increased in SY 2005-2006 Dropout rate at the secondary level continued to increase and still far from the target

29. Enrollment and Dropout Rates • dropout ratio, which was targeted to decrease, increased

30. Classroom to Student, Teacher to Student, and Textbook to Student Ratio Target for both levels was achieved before the target period. Number of pupils per classroom at the elementary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006

31. Target was achieved as early as SY 2004-2005 for both levels. Number of students per classroom at the secondary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006 Target was achieved as early as SY 2004-2005 for both levels. Number of students per classroom at the secondary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006

32. Classroom to Student, Teacher to Student, and Textbook to Student Ratio • These two targeted ratios have been reached • Due to the other targets which have not been reached, it can still be said that the progress towards achieving universal primary education is not going as planned.

33. Completion Rate • Completion rate is the percentage of how many students have finished their last year or primary school. • the completion rate has increased from 2007 to 2010

34. Other Factors affecting Education • 50 percent of the unemployed are mostly young (ages 15 to 24), 64 percent of the unemployed are mostly males, and 43.5 percent of the unemployed are undergraduates or college graduates.

35. Other Factors affecting Education • Poverty affects education as can be seen when families are unable to pay for tuition and families have to spend most of their money on their basic needs such as food and clothing. • Students cannot afford other fees aside from the tuition such as school materials.

36. Other Factors affecting Education • Many of the youth need to get jobs to support themselves and their family instead of going to school, but because of lack of education, they are unemployed as many jobs require college degrees.

37. Other Factors affecting Education • There are many college graduates but sometimes there is an oversupply • This oversupply are those whose skills and training are for jobs which the labor market does not need. • Graduates being produced do not fulfill the job demand or wants of the industry.

38. Other Factors affecting Education • In terms of what is being done now, “Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is focused on ensuring that Philippine educational institutions are developing a national qualifications framework to improve tertiary education.

39. Conclusion • Although Philippine education is lagging behind that of other countries, it can still improve. • Goal #2 can be fulfilled if Aquino will be able to keep enrolment rates high, and dropout rates low. • Able to provide enough resources to the many students that need to study.

40. Conclusion • Not only keep more children in school, but also improve the quality of education • By spending the budget wisely, DepEd can train teachers to be more efficient. • Aquino must also fix the problem of unemployment to achieve Goal #2. • It is a cycle and in order to break it, DepEd should improve education to what is required by the jobs that are in demand.

41. Conclusion • If President Aquino wishes to truly achieve universal primary education, then he must start by eradicating poverty. • By improving the quality of life of the impoverished, the poor will be able to afford education

42. Conclusion • MDG Goal #2 may not be achieved by 2015, but it cannot be denied that the Philippines is on the way to achieving universal primary education.