Human Body System

Unit one Human Body System

Systems • What is a system? • What is an example of a non-living system? • How does a malfunction in one part affect the whole system? • Give a few examples of how human body systems work together. • Name the eleven human body systems

Name the eleven human body systems Human Body Systems • Integumentary system, • Skeletal system, • Muscular system, • Nervous system, • Endocrine system, • Cardiovascular system, • Lymphatic system and immunity, • Respiratory system, • Digestive system, • Urinary system, • Reproductive system

Amazing Facts • By donating one pint of blood 4 lives can be saved • The human heart beats roughly 35 million times a year • It is not possible to tickle yourself because your brain warns the rest of the body and by doing so your brain will ignore this sensation

Activity 1.1.1 Amazing Facts • Split into groups of four • Students will randomly draw a system- • Your group assignment is to focus on and find “Amazing Facts” about those systems

Presentations • Activity 1.1.1. Amazing Facts • List the major organs in your systems • Discuss top five Amazing Facts for each system • Think about how your Primary System can act like a Secondary System • Create this Presentation on Your Web Portfolio (Instruction for creating this Web Portfolio is on the Weebly)

Essential Question 1. In what ways do the parts of the human body system work together to carry out a specific function? 2. In what ways do different human body systems work together to complete specific functions?

Where • How do you give someone directions? • How do you explain location or directions on the human body?

Our Manikins • Equipment • Manikins • Post-it Flags • Colored Pencils • Documents • Activity 1.1.2 (on the weebly) • Adoption Certificates • Body Organizer

Working with Manikins • Assemble Manikin • Name your Manikin-place your manikin’s name on the base • Complete Adoption Certificates • Always store manikins in there proper place • All Manikins look the same now but will soon take on their own personalities.

Activity 1.1.2 • Pair Up with your Manikin Partner • Brainstorm • Complete Activity 1.1.2

Key Terms

Essential Question • How can directional terms and regional terms help describe location in the body? • What features of structure and function are common to all humans?

Lesson 1.2 Identity • The basic processes of the human body unites us as humans, but tiny differences in our • appearance • tissues • cells make us truly unique

Lesson 1.2 Identity Supply List • Manikins • Clay &Clay tools • Colored Pencils • Microscope • Tissue Slides • Body System Organizer -Skeletal View • Activity 1.2.1 • Microscope Resource Sheet • Inspiration

Downloading Inspiration For windows, go to this link, • http://download.inspiration.com/download/windows/inspiration9_win_cd.exe For Macintosh go to this link, • http://download.inspiration.com/download/mac/inspiration9_mac_cd.dmg • 14-digit subscription license: 2633D1237J9601

What are the levels of human organization? • Systems (What makes up systems) • Organs (What makes up Organs) • Tissues

Tissue • When you think of human identity, what comes to mind • At the beginning of the week we discussed systems and organ structures that are common to all humans. • Over the year we will be looking at processes that occur in all of our bodies. • But what makes us special?

Tissue Basics • Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure that work together to perform a specific function. • There are four main tissue types: • Epithelium • Connective tissue • Muscle • Nervous tissue

Epithelium • Epithelium or epithelial tissue, • forms the linings, coverings, and glandular tissue of the body. • One type of epithelium forms the outer layer of the skin • Another type of epithelium lines the air sacs of the lungs • Cells in epithelium are packed tightly together to form continuous sheets

Connective Tissue • Connective tissue protects, supports, and binds together other body tissues. • Connective tissue is made up of different types of cells in varying amounts of a nonliving substance around the cells, called the matrix. • Examples of connective tissue include: • Bone • Cartilage • Adipose tissue (fat) • Blood

Muscle Tissue • Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and cause movement. • There are three main types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal muscle • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle • Can you guess the location and function of each muscle type?

Nervous Tissue • Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons that receive and send electrical signals in the body. • Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and transmits impulses and together with supporting cells, makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Essential Questions • What are the main types of tissue in the human body? • How does the structure of a type of human tissue relate to its function in the body?

Activity 1.2.1 • Pair up • Complete Part 1 only • Concept Map • View prepared slides • Link for more slide views • http://histology.osumc.edu/histology/HumanHisto/index.htm#

What role does tissue play in the identity of the human?” • Facial features • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_HaJT7OVIQ&feature=player_detailpage

Activity 1.2.1 Part IIGiving your Maniken a Face • Complete through question 15 • Discuss proper use of clay and tools and Manikin Rules • Let’s create a face- • Using Teacher Building Instructions • Compare Manikins

Key Terms • Adipose tissue- Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat • Connective Tissue- Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix • Epithelial Tissue- Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities • Tissue- An integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

Essential Question • #3 How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity. • #4 “What are the functions of the human skeletal system?”

Human Skeletal System • Remember bones are a type connective tissue • What do you know about the skeletal system • Name this bone

Activity 1.2.2 Supply List • Computer with internet • Anatomy in Clay Maniken • Body System graphic Organizer (Skeletal View) • Colored pencils

Activity 1.2.2Skeleton Scavenger Hunt • Research the listed bones • Label you Manikins • Quiz yourself/partner

Essential Question • #5 “What are the main bones of the human skeletal system”

Project 1.2.3 • Review Learning from Bones http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/education/anthropological/index.html. Located on your activity. • Read the Introduction • Career Journal- Forensic Anthropologist • Forensic Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cogeHybySI&feature=player_detailpage • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8IHPq9VgWI&feature=player_detailpage

Essential Question • #6 What is forensic anthropology and how does the field relate to human body systems? • #7 How can features of bone be used to determine information about a person’s gender, ethnicity, age, or stature?

Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives • Each group will use the laminated instruction sheets to take measurements of the bone at each station • You will need Project 1.2.3 Student Data Sheet • Split into three teams • Now split into four groups • You will be trying to determine the • Age • Race • Sex • Height • 2 students at each station to gather measurements of: • Skull • Femur • Pelvis • Humerus • Tibia

Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives • We will determine proximal age, height, and race of our victims. • Race and Ethnicity • Mongoloid (Asian) is an anthropological term for a group that includes Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Tibetan, Eskimo and some Native Americans. • Negroid (Black) is a classification including Sub-Saharan African and Afro-Caribbean peoples and their descendants. • Caucasoid (White) refers to people of Anglo or Caucasian descent from Europe, parts of North Africa, Western Asia and India and their descendants.

Data • forensic anthropologist, Diane France http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcnGybzFhjM watch 10min50sec then again at 34min

Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives • Discuss findings • Compare and discuss differences in male and female bones. • Why may the three-race model no longer be accurate • Discuss differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Data • What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research? Quantitative research generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers. Qualitative Research on the other hand generates non-numerical data.

Key Terms • Axial Skeleton- The skeleton of the trunk and head. • Appendicular Skeleton- Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton • Femur- The proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that is the longest and largest bone in the human body, extends from the hip to the knee • Forensic Anthropology- The branch of physical anthropology in which anthropological data, criteria, and techniques are used to determine the sex, age, genetic population, or ancestry of skeletal or biological materials in questions of civil or criminal law • Humerus-The longest bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow

Key Terms • Pelvis-A basin-shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebrates that is formed by the pelvic girdle together with the sacrum and often various coccygeal and caudal vertebrae and that in humans is composed of the two hip bones bounding it on each side and in front while the sacrum and coccyx complete it behind • Skull- The skeleton of the head forming a bony case that encloses and protects the brain and chief sense organs and supports the jaws • Tibia- The inner and usually larger of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle that articulates above with the femur and below with the talus -- called also shinbone

Activity 1.2.4 Height Estimations from Bones • Equations • In the 1950’s Dr. Trotter developed mathematical formulas that correlated body height to the length of their arm and leg bones. • To Complete Parts I - Pair into groups of 2 • You will measure your height in cm and then the femur, humerus, and radius bones in cm to use to calculate your height. ( 1 foot = 30.48 cm) • Like in criminal investigations an estimated range of height is given. Like 5’9” to 6’2” • Use the + and – formulas to get your error value for minimal and maximal height range.

Activity 1.2.4 Height Estimations from Bones • Part II You will use a formula specific to Gender and Ethnicity. • Then using an Excel file you will develop Your Own Formula. • “How well do these equations work?” What equation was most accurate?

Essential Question • Revisited • #3 How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity.

Lesson 1.3 Story Set Up • Approximately 1cc of the DNA sample was taken from Skeletal remains and labeled • The pieces were stored in EtOH and frozen -20°C • Samples were transported to OCTC in refrigerated containers for genetic analysis

Key Terms • Agarose A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis. • Biometrics The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity. • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.

Key Terms • Gel electrophoresis The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel. • Restriction enzyme A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA. • Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).

Lesson 1.3 Identity-Molecules and Cells • What level of organization comes below tissues. CELLS • Now- Figuratively zoom in on the cell and describe the genetic material found inside the cell. • Chromosome • Gene • Protein • DNA

DNA • List sources of DNA evidence • Skin cells • Hair • Blood • Semen • Old tissue such as bone but amplified using Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR)

Human Body System