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Urban Water Security

This document details about urban water security,

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Urban Water Security

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  1. Introduction to Urban Water Security

  2. Urban Water Security – A major concern Urban Water Security in Kolkata faces a major challenge because of the following reasons. • Water deficit – Population growth in Kolkata has increased beyond imagination and is the main reason for the water deficit. The other reasons include drying and erosion of water bodies including rivers, lakes, and canals. • Variation in Rainfall – Rainfall variation has happened in the last few years contributing to the rise in water levels. Rainfall variation has adversely affected agriculture. .

  3. Urban Water Security – A major concern(Continued) • Loss of Ground Water – Due to agricultural needs, groundwater has been reduced to a considerable extent and has contributed to water security issues. Groundwater loss has worsened in the last few years. • Temperature variations: Temperature variation is one of the main reasons behind the drying of water bodies. The earth has become warmer than before. • Global warming: Global warming is one of the major causes of change in water levels triggering alarming issues to water security in the city.

  4. Population Graphs of 2000 and 2020 showing an increase in the urban population

  5. Water bodies in 2003

  6. Water Bodies in 2023

  7. Change Detection in water bodies in 2003 and 2023

  8. Average Temperature Map of Kolkata in 2003 and 2023

  9. Average Temperature Graph of Kolkata (1983-2003)

  10. Average Temperature Graph of Kolkata (2003-2023)

  11. Average Annual rainfall map of Kolkata in 2003 and 2023

  12. Average Annual Rainfall Graph of Kolkata (1983-2003)

  13. Average Annual Rainfall Graph of Kolkata (2003-2023)

  14. Water Deficit Map of 2003 and 2023

  15. How GIS can help solve water security issues • GIS has helped us to analyze critical data and come up with exact figures. • GIS has helped us identify the natural resources that are in danger. • GIS has helped us identify areas of sedimentation, erosion, eutrophication, and increase in water levels of these water bodies. • GIS has helped us do end-to-end mapping of the region and achieve our mission to safeguard the environment.

  16. References • Hoekstra, A. Y., Buurman, J., & Van Ginkel, K. C. (2018). Urban water security: A review. Environmental research letters, 13(5), 053002. • Romero-Lankao, P., & Gnatz, D. M. (2016). Conceptualizing urban water security in an urbanizing world. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 21, 45-51. • Mukherjee, S., Bebermeier, W., & Schütt, B. (2018). An overview of the impacts of land use land cover changes (1980–2014) on urban water security of Kolkata. Land, 7(3), 91. • Mukherjee, S., Sundberg, T., Sikdar, P. K., & Schütt, B. (2022). An integrated quantitative assessment of urban water security of a megacity in the global south. Frontiers in Water, 4, 834239.

  17. The End

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