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Understanding Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Explained

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This guide explores the fundamental processes of cell division, focusing on mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the method by which somatic cells multiply, replacing dead or injured cells and facilitating tissue growth. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces gametes in reproductive cells. Key concepts include the structure of chromosomes, the phases of the cell cycle, and the steps of cell division: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, culminating in cytokinesis. Learn how these processes ensure the creation of new cells with the correct chromosome number.

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Understanding Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Explained

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  1. Ch. 3-5 Cell Division

  2. Cell Division • Cells multiply by dividing • Two types • Mitosis – somatic cells • Replace dead or injured cells • Add new cells to tissue growth • Meiosis – reproductive cells • Makes gametes

  3. Chromosomes • Before division, chromosomes duplicate • Strands are called chromatids • Matching strands are called sister chromatids • Held together by a centromere

  4. Cell Cycle • Goal: create new daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (mitosis) • Phases • I - P M A T

  5. Interphase • Between divisions • Cell growth • DNA replication • Make organelles and proteins

  6. Prophase • Chromatin becomes chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle forms

  7. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in the middle, or equator, of cell

  8. Anaphase • Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles

  9. Telophase • Nuclear membranes appear • Cytokinesis begins • Chromosomes uncoil to chromatin • Two new cells are formed

  10. Cytokinesis • When the cytoplasm divides and the two cells are distinctly their own

  11. Mitosis

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