The Present Subjunctive

1. The Present Subjunctive

2. The Subjunctive • Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

3. The Subjunctive • Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

4. The Subjunctive • Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

5. The Subjunctive • We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

6. The Subjunctive • A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. • For example:

7. The Subjunctive • Recomendamos que Uds. hablen con un agente de viajes. • We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.

8. The Subjunctive • ¿QuiereUd. queescribamosnuestrosnombres en lasmaletas? • Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?

9. The Subjunctive • Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

10. 2 Clauses Ella sugierequeyoaprendafrancés Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.” Subjunctive Verb Indicative Verb

11. The Subjunctive • The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

12. The Subjunctive • Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive: • Decir • Insistir en • Necesitar • Permitir • Preferir (e > ie) • Prohibir • Querer (e > ie) • Recomendar (e > ie) • Sugerir (e > ie)

13. The Subjunctive • We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

14. The Subjunctive • We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

15. The Subjunctive • For -ar verbs: • e, es, e, emos, éis, en • For -er/-ir verbs: • a, as, a, amos, áis, an

16. hable hables hable hablemos habléis hablen HABLAR

17. coma comas coma comamos comáis coman COMER

18. viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan VIVIR

19. The Subjunctive • The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

20. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

21. caerse decir hacer poner salir tener traer Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

22. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-o haga tener teng-o tenga

23. llegue llegues llegue lleguemos lleguéis lleguen LLEGAR (g > gu)

24. haga hagas haga hagamos hagáis hagan HACER

25. Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive P. 413 Realidades 2

26. Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive • Memorize this acronym: • DISHES

27. Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive • D Dar • I Ir • S Ser • H Haber • E Estar • S Saber

28. dé des dé demos deis den DAR

29. vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayáis vayan IR

30. sea seas sea seamos seáis sean SER

31. haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan HABER

32. esté estés esté estemos estéis estén ESTAR

33. sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepáis sepan SABER

34. The Present Perfect of the Subjunctive Realidades 3

35. Ejemplos: • Present Perfect: He estudiado por tres horas. …. haya estudiado por tres horas.

36. He Has Ha Hemos Han Hay Hubo Había Ha habido Haber

37. Haber- Present Subjunctive • Yo: Hay • Haber– el verbo. Add opposite endings: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -an • Haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan

38. Past Participle Ejemplo: Hablado, Comido, Vivido • Infinitive • Drop ending • Add: -ado for “-ar” verbs; -ido for “-er/-ir” • Verbos irregulares • Verbos con acentos

39. Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caído creer → creído leer → leído oír → oído reír → reído traer → traído

40. Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto

41. More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho

42. Haya trabajado Hayas trabajado Haya trabajado Hayamos trabajado Hayáis trabajado Hayan trabajado Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

43. Present Perfect of the Subjunctive • The present perfect subjunctive refers to actions or situations that may have occurred before the action of the main verb.

44. Also Called • Past Subjunctive • Perfect Subjunctive

45. Used • Used when a verb or expression requires the subjunctive • With the same type of clauses as the present subjunctive • When the dependent clause is in the past.

46. Normally to indicate the action as completed (when the verb in the past) • Example: Dudo que lo hagas. – I doubt you’ll do it. Dudo que lo hayas hecho.- I doubt you did it.

47. Present Perfect of the Subjunctive • Me alegro de que hayas trabajado de voluntario. • I´m glad that you have worked as a volunteer. • Estoy orgullosa de que Julián haya trabajado en el centro de rehabilitación. • I am proud that Julian has worked in the rehabilitation center.

48. Present Perfect of the Subjunctive • Ojalá que ellos hayan juntado mucho dinero. • I hope that they have collected a lot of money. • Siento que no hayan participado en la campaña. • I´m sorry that you haven´t participated in the campaign.