1 / 28

ECOSYSTEM BALANCE

ECOSYSTEM BALANCE. Chapter 6 (pgs. 88-107) Mrs. Paul. 6.1 RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ECOSYSTEM. All species interact and a change in the relationships may change a population and thus the food web. Relationships: Predator/Prey Parasitism Symbiosis. Predators and Prey.

Download Presentation

ECOSYSTEM BALANCE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. ECOSYSTEM BALANCE Chapter 6 (pgs. 88-107) Mrs. Paul

  2. 6.1 RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ECOSYSTEM • All species interact and a change in the relationships may change a population and thus the food web. • Relationships: • Predator/Prey • Parasitism • Symbiosis

  3. Predators and Prey

  4. Predators: consumers that actively hunt other organisms. • Example: praying mantis (predator) eating a dragon fly (prey) • Prey: organisms that a predator feeds upon • Example: a snake (predator) eating a praying mantis (prey). • The size of both populations influence each other

  5. Example: snowshoe hare and lynx

  6. Increases in the hare population increase the lynx population. • More prey (food) can support more predators. • A decrease in the hare population leads to a decrease in the lynx population.

  7. Parasitism

  8. Parasitism: relationship in which one organism feeds on the tissues or body fluids on another. • Host: the organism on which the parasite feeds. • Parasites are harmful and have the potential to kill their host. • Depends on the host for many functions. • Examples: fleas, ticks, lice, protists, tapeworms.

  9. Symbiosis

  10. Symbiosis: relationship where two species live closely together. • Parasitism-one harmed/one benefits • Mutualism-both benefit • Commensalism-one benefit/one not affected

  11. Commensalism: relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. • Examples: barnicles living on the skin of whale.

  12. Mutualism: relationship where both species benefits. • Examples: ants and acacia trees, flowers and insects that pollinate them, yucca plant and the yucca moth.

  13. Check for Understanding: • What processes link the sizes of predator and prey populations? • Why are herbivores not considered to be parasites? • How are the 3 types of symbiosis different? How are they similar?

  14. 6.2 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

  15. Ecological Succession: gradual process of change and replacement of some or all of the species in a community. • May take hundreds or thousands of years. • Each new community makes it harder for the previous community to survive. • Two main types: • 1. Primary Succession • 2. Secondary Succession

  16. Primary Succession

  17. Primary Succession: sequence of communities forming in an originally lifeless habitat. • Occurs in habitats without life. • Examples: cooled lava field, bare rock after retreating glacier.

  18. Steps: • Formation of soil from exposed rocks as lichen and weather break them down. • -Lichen: fungus and alga living in a mutualistic relationship. • -Pioneer community: first community to colonize new habitat. 2. Grasses and small plants begin to grow from seeds carried by wind and animals. 3. Growth of non-woody plants with deep roots (shrub community). 4. Growth of pine forest 5. Growth of hardwood forest. -Climax community: community that does not undergo further succession.

  19. Secondary Succession

  20. Secondary succession: succession that occurs where a community has been cleared by a disturbance that does not destroy the soil. • Examples: fires, storms, human disturbances. • Frequently disturbed habitats may never reach the climax community. • Example: grassland frequently burned by fires.

  21. Steps: 1. Fast-growing grasses and non-woody plants. 2. Larger shrubs grow. 3. Pine Forest 4. Hardwood Forest

  22. Aquatic Succession • Starts with a body of water that is low in nutrients. • Leads to a fertile meadow as the lake fills in with vegetation over time.

  23. Island Succession • Populations of new organisms can adapt quickly to fill new niches or to form new species.

  24. Check for Understanding: • How does primary succession differ from secondary succession? • What is a climax community? • Suppose humans put out all the fires in a large area of grassland over a period of 100 years. What would happen to the grassland community?

  25. 6.3 BALANCE IN THE ECOSYSTEM • If ecosystems are not balanced, they do not survive. • Disruptions are normal; they trigger change in the ecosystem. • Chaos Theory • Suggests that ecosystems may be sensitive to very small changes.

  26. 6.4 LAND BIOMES

  27. We divide the ecosystems on Earth into several categories. • Biome: major type of ecosystem with distinctive temperature, rainfall, and organisms. • Terrestrial (land) biomes • Type of biome depends on average temperature and amount of precipitation the area receives. • Aquatic (water) biomes • Determined by water depths, nutrients, and nearness to land.

  28. 8 Major Terrestrial Biomes: • 1. Desert • 2. Tundra • 3. Coniferous Forest • 4. Deciduous Forest • 5. Rain Forest • 6. Steppe • 7. Prairie • 8. Savanna

More Related