1 / 19

Disorders Associated with the Immune System

19. Disorders Associated with the Immune System. Disorders Associated with the Immune System. Harmful immune responses Allergies Transplant rejection Autoimmunity Immunodeficiencies. Hypersensitivity Reactions. Response to antigens (allergens) leading to damage.

isolde
Download Presentation

Disorders Associated with the Immune System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System

  2. Disorders Associated with the Immune System • Harmful immune responses • Allergies • Transplant rejection • Autoimmunity • Immunodeficiencies

  3. Hypersensitivity Reactions • Response to antigens (allergens) leading to damage. • Four main types of hypersensitivity: • Anaphylactic • Cytotoxic • Immune Complex • Cell-Mediated

  4. Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions • Anaphylaxis means “the opposite of protected.” • Localized • Systemic • Anaphylactic shock Figure 19.1a

  5. Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions • Skin testing • Desensitization Localized Allergen Examples: Figure 19.3

  6. Eight Foods responsible for 97% of food allergens

  7. Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions • Complement activation causes cell lysis or damage by macrophages. • Transfusion Difficulties

  8. ABO Blood Group System Table 19.2

  9. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDNB) Can be prevented with anti-RH antibodies - RhoGAM Figure 19.4

  10. Cell-Mediated Reactions • Delayed-type hypersensitivities due to TD cells. • Cytokines attract macrophages and initiate tissue damage. Figure 19.8

  11. Figure 19.7 - Overview (1 of 4)

  12. Autoimmune Diseases • Clonal deletion during fetal development ensures self-tolerance. • Autoimmunity is loss of self-tolerance.

  13. Diseases Related to Specific HLAs Table 19.3

  14. Reactions to Transplantation • Transplants may be attacked by T cells, macrophages, and complement-fixing antibodies. • Transplants to privileged sites do not cause an immune response. • Stem cells may allow therapeutic cloning to avoid rejection.

  15. Stem Cells and Therapeutic Cloning

  16. Grafts • Autograft: Use of one's own tissue. • Isograft: Use of identical twin's tissue. • Allograft: Use of tissue from another person. • Xenotransplantation product: Use of non-human tissue.

  17. The Immune System and Cancer • Cancer cells possess tumor-specific antigens. • TC cells recognize and lyse cancer cells. • Cancer cells may lack tumor antigens or kill TC cells. Figure 19.10

  18. Immunotherapy • Treatment of cancer using immunologic methods. • Tumor necrosis factor, IL-2, and interferons may kill cancer cells. • Immunotoxins link poisons with an monoclonal antibody directed at a tumor antigen. • Vaccines contain tumor-specific antigens.

  19. Immune Deficiencies • Congenital: Due to defective or missing genes • Acquired: Develop during an individual's life, due to drugs, cancers, and infections. • Artificial: Immunosuppression drugs. • Natural: HIV infections.

More Related