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World war ii begins

World war ii begins. What areas in Europe had Germany come to control by the middle of 1940?. Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark France Luxembourg The Netherlands Norway Much of Poland. Here is what happened…. Hitler’s troops occupied the Rhineland (demilitarized zone after WWI)

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World war ii begins

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  1. World war ii begins

  2. What areas in Europe had Germany come to control by the middle of 1940? • Belgium • Czechoslovakia • Denmark • France • Luxembourg • The Netherlands • Norway • Much of Poland

  3. Here is what happened… • Hitler’s troops occupied the Rhineland (demilitarized zone after WWI) • Forced Austria to unite with Germany (Annex) • Called for Czechoslovakia to turn over the Sudetenland (an area with many ethnic Germans) • Hitler threatens war!

  4. Munich Conference • *September 29, 1938 • *France and Great Britain gave the Sudetenland to Germany • Czechoslovakia was not invited… • Neville Chamberlain (GB), Edouard Daladier (FR), Hitler, Mussolini

  5. Winston Churchill • *British politician outraged by the conference’s actions of *appeasement- giving in to an aggressor to keep peace • *Will become Prime Minister in 1940

  6. More Demands… • Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 • Demands Poland return the city of Danzig, which had been part of Germany until WWI • Hitler negotiates a *non aggression pact with Joseph Stalin • *They agree not to attack each other and to divide Poland between them

  7. Here we go, again… • Germany invades Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) • *Britain and France (Allied Powers) declare war on Germany • September 3, 1939

  8. Poland • *Germany attacked Poland using a new tactic called *Blitzkrieg- lightning war • Concentrated airplanes and tanks (2,600) • Very modern military, Poland relied on Calvary- no match! • Germany invaded from the West, Soviets from the East

  9. France • *Maginot Line- a fortified line of defense along France’s border with Germany • April 1940- Germany takes Denmark, Norway • May 1940- Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands • *German troops bypassed the line and invaded France from the Northeast…!!!

  10. France Falls • Hitler’s forces advance to Paris (June 5) • June 22- France surrenders to Germany

  11. Britain • July 1940- the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) begins to attack the RAF’s (Royal Air Force) airfields and aircraft • *Battle of Britain- July 10- Oct. 31, 1940 Luftwaffe vs. RAF • Britain used radar to detect enemy aircraft • Hitler cancels the invasion plans

  12. Cash-and-Carry System • Allies paid cash for weapons and carry them back to Europe on their own ships • FDR sent 50 U.S. destroyers to Britain in exchange for 99 year leases on British naval bases in the Caribbean • FDR wins third term as president

  13. Lend-Lease Act • *U.S. loans $7 billion worth of weapons and supplies to Britain, China, France • June 1941- Hitler invades the Soviet Union • FDR gives Lend-Lease to the Soviets • We loaned $50.1 Billion (647 Billion today) • Britain finished paying their debt in 2006! (31.4 billion)

  14. Battle of the Atlantic • Germany tried to cut Britain off from the U.S. • German U-boats sank Allied cargo ships • U.S. Navy began escorting convoys as far as Iceland

  15. Atlantic Charter • *August 1941- Churchill and FDR • *Agreed to work for peace after the war ended • German U-boat fired on a U.S. destroyer • FDR says “shoot on sight” any threatening U-boats… • War with Germany appears inevitable!

  16. Japan • Conquered most of China during the 1930s • *Joined Axis Powers on September 27, 1940 • 1941- Japan seized French Indochina • FDR froze Japanese funds in the U.S. and blocked the sale of oil

  17. December 7, 1941 • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • The Philippines • Guam • Midway Island • Wake Island • December 8- FDR asks Congress to declare war (they do, 1 hour later) • Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. (December 11)

  18. How did the U.S. aid the Allies without sending troops to fight? • Provided weapons and supplies to Britain • Cash-and-Carry System • Lend-Lease Act

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