Major Ecosystems of the World

1. Chapter 6 Major Ecosystems of the World

2. Earth’s _____________

3. Earth’s Major Biomes • Type of biome ______________________and precipitation

4. Earth’s Major Biomes • ____________

5. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tundra • Characterized by: • Very short growing season • _____________________(10-25 cm / yr) • Permafrost • Low species _____________

6. Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (_________)

7. Earth’s Major Biomes • Boreal Forest (Tiaga) • Characterized by: • ____________________________ • Low precipitation (~50 cm / yr) • Dominated by conifers (spruce, fir), but also has aspen, ___________

8. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate __________________

9. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Rain Forest • Characterized by: • Cool; high precipitation (~127 cm / yr) • Dominated by evergreens (hemlock, spruce, cedar) • Heavily logged

10. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest

11. Earth’s Major Biomes • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Characterized by: • ___________________, cold winters • Moderate precipitation (75-150 cm / yr) • Dominated by oaks, hickory, __________ • Commonly converted to agriculture

12. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________________

13. Earth’s Major Biomes • Grasslands • Characterized by: • Hot summers, cold winters • Low to moderate precipitation (25-75 cm / yr) • ________________________or shortgrass prairies • Heavily converted to ___________

14. Earth’s Major Biomes • ______________

15. Earth’s Major Biomes • Chaparral • Characterized by: • Dry summers, mild winters • ________________________________ • Dominated by short pines, evergreen shrubs, scrub oak (but varies worldwide)

16. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________

17. Earth’s Major Biomes • Deserts • Characterized by: • Wide daily variations in temperature • _____________(<25 cm precipitation / yr) • ________________________________

18. Earth’s Major Biomes • ___________

19. Earth’s Major Biomes • Savanna • Characterized by: • Precipitation 76-150 cm / yr, but very seasonal with extended dry periods • __________________________, with occasional trees • African most famous for herds of wildebeest, antelope, ____________

20. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain _________________

21. Earth’s Major Biomes • Tropical Rain Forests • Characterized by: • ______________________________ 200-450 cm / yr • Very nutrient-poor soil • Extremely high primary productivity • Extremely high ___________________

22. Earth’s Major Biomes • Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of ________________________________

23. Aquatic Ecosystems ____________________________ Strongly swimming nekton Bottom-_______ benthos • Fundamental division: Freshwater vs. Saltwater • But, both contain 3 ecological category of organisms:

24. Aquatic Ecosystems • Tend to be narrow, swift, clear, cold, nutrient poor, and highly oxygenated • Tend to be wide, slow, cloudy, warm, nutrient rich, and ______________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • _________________

25. Aquatic Ecosystems Photosynthetically productive; _______________ Highly productive, high ___________________ • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds

26. Aquatic Ecosystems ___________________; anaerobic, dominated by decomposers • Freshwater Ecosystems • Lakes and Ponds

27. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Thermal ______________in temperate lakes

28. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • ____________in temperate lakes

29. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater Ecosystems • Marshes and Swamps • Highly productive • Nutrient rich due to slow decomposition • Remove many pollutants

30. Aquatic Ecosystems • Estuaries: Where freshwater and saltwater meet. • Highly variable environment • (salinity, temperature, light penetration rapidly changes). • Many fishes and shellfish spend larval stages here.

31. Aquatic Ecosystems 2) Mangrove forests • Estuaries • Two general types: 1) Salt marshes

32. Aquatic Ecosystems • Case-in-Point: The Chesapeake Bay

33. Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________

34. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • _____________________

35. Aquatic Ecosystems 1) ___________ • Marine Ecosystems • _________________Environment Photic benthic environments include:

36. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2)____________

37. Aquatic Ecosystems • ____________Ecosystems • Benthic Environment Photic benthic environments include: 1) Sea grasses 2) Kelp forests 3) ___________

38. Aquatic Ecosystems • __________________________ (a) Fringing reef

39. Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (b) ____________

40. Aquatic Ecosystems • Types of Coral Reefs (c) ______________reef

41. Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on Coral Reefs • Sedimentation / siltation • _____________________ • Overfishing • Direct disturbance (anchor dragging, divers damaging / ___________________)

42. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Neritic Province Dominated by floating and swimming organisms. Such as many large ______________________________, various plankton.

43. Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems • The Oceanic Province Largest area of ocean ______________________________________

44. Aquatic Ecosystems • _____________________on the Ocean

45. Aquatic Ecosystems • Human Impacts on the Ocean

46. Interaction of Life Zones • Case-in-Point: ______________________