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An Emerging industrial Giant

Unit 2 (Red Book: Chapters 6 & 8) (Green Book: Chapter 6). An Emerging industrial Giant. Doctrine stating that government generally should not interfere in private business Late 1800s: People liked the idea of little to no government interference in business

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An Emerging industrial Giant

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  1. Unit 2 (Red Book: Chapters 6 & 8) (Green Book: Chapter 6) An Emerging industrial Giant

  2. Doctrine stating that government generally should not interfere in private business • Late 1800s: • People liked the idea of little to no government interference in business • BUT.. Many favored government involvement when it benefited them: • High tariffs on imports • Land grants & subsidies Laissez-Faire Policy

  3. The process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company Basically, the larger company buys out smaller competitors by forming profit-sharing trusts (Ex: Rockefeller’s Standard Oil) Horizontal Consolidation

  4. Process of gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development Owning all the different phases of production (Ex: Carnegie Steel) Vertical Consolidation

  5. Robber Baron: Implies that the business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public Captain of Industry: Suggests that the business leaders served their nation in a positive way Industrial Giants

  6. http://www.hippocampus.org/History%20&%20Government?loadLeftClass=CourseCombination&loadLeftId=10&loadTopicId=1609 http://www.hippocampus.org/History%20&%20Government?loadLeftClass=CourseCombination&loadLeftId=10&loadTopicId=1609 Industrial Giants

  7. Persuasive Essay: I will assign you an industrial giant to research (use classroom resources). Decide whether or not he is a “robber baron” or a “captain of industry.” Use evidence from the text to support your well-developed answer. Industrial Giants

  8. Transportation: • Railroads & Industry • Offered rapid, more efficient transportation (of people and goods) • Cheaper shipping • National markets • Transcontinental Railroad • Connected east and west coasts by rail • Provided jobs for immigrants • Increased settlement in the West Innovations & Advances

  9. Communication: • Telegraph • Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 • Cyrus W. Field’s transatlantic cable improved overseas communication in 1866 • By 1900, telegraph lines linked all continents in a global network of cables • Telephone • Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 • User-friendly • 1.5 million phones in 1900 Innovations & Advances

  10. Energy: • Oil • First drilled in 1859 • Much more readily available • Led to a boom in drilling & refining • Electricity • Already in very limited use by the late 1800s • Invention of the light bulb in 1890s made it practical and possible to rely less on the sun • New electric machines were much more efficient than steam-powered machines • Led to a boom in employment Innovations & Advances

  11. Thomas Edison • Developed the world’s first modern research laboratory in Menlo Park, NJ • Edison’s lab produced over 1,000 patented inventions • Phonograph, light bulb, mimeograph machines, motion picture camera Innovations & Advances

  12. George Westinghouse • Inventor who produced 400 patents • 1869 – Air-brakes for railroads • 1885 – transformer for producing high voltage alternating current • Led to: • Lighting of cities • Electric street cars • Subways • Household appliances Innovations & Advances

  13. Steel The Bessemer Process made it cheaper and easier to make steel from iron Mass production of steel became possible New era of building Innovations & Advances

  14. Other inventions that improved Business: 1867 – Typewriter 1879 – Cash Register 1880 – Adding Machine 1887 – Calculating Machine Innovations & Advances

  15. Consumer Use Inventions: 1884 – Lewis Waterman’s Fountain Pen 1888 – George Eastman’s Kodak Camera 1895 – King Gillette’s Safety Razor Innovations & Advances

  16. How did these advances impact production in the United States? How did these advances impact the structure of businesses in the United States? How did these advances impact the workforce in the United States? How did these advances impact society in the United States? Innovations & Advances

  17. The New colossus

  18. Colossus of Rhodes

  19. Construction of The Statue of Liberty began in 1875 In October 1886, there was a ticker-tape parade and dedication ceremony welcoming The Statue of Liberty to New York The New Colossus 1878 – Paris World’s Fair

  20. The New Colossus

  21. The New Colossus

  22. European Immigration: • 1845 – 1854: 3 million immigrants • Processed by New York State officials • Ellis Island, New York: • 1892 – 1954: 12 million immigrants • Asian Immigration: • Angel Island, San Francisco • 1910 – 1940: 1 million immigrants • Why did immigration slow down? Immigration

  23. Nativists Try to restrict immigration Believe government should support native-born Americans over immigrants Temperance Movement / Purity Crusaders Try to ban alcohol, drugs, gambling, and prostitution Settlement Movement Try to help immigrants improve their lives by offering education, child care, and health care Reactions to Immigration

  24. Annotate the provided article & Answer: • Reasons that millions of people moved to the cities: • Immigrants: • Rural emigrants: • Areas of the country that saw the greatest growth: • Workplaces that needed millions of workers who lived close by: • Results of the rapid urbanization: Urbanization

  25. Late 1800s: • The richest 9% of Americans hold nearly 75% of the national wealth. • Most of these people were in favor of “Social Darwinism” • Roughly 91% of Americans held only 25% of the national wealth • Many of these people were immigrants living in cities Reform (Chapter 8, section 4)

  26. Belief that only the strongest in a society should flourish, while the weak should be allowed to die (applied to business: laissez-faire) • Americans were divided on the issue of government interference in private business. • Applied to immigrants: • Basically led to ghettos and slums.. Social Darwinism

  27. Jacob Riis • Immigrated to America from Denmark in 1870 • Reporter • Published How the Other Half Lives, 1890 • Used flash photography to capture the poor conditions many New Yorkers were forced to live in. Reform

  28. Many people were moved to join groups that helped the needy. • 1882 – New York Charity Organization Society • Kept detailed files on those who received help • Wanted immigrants to adopt middle-class American standards of child raising, cooking, and cleaning. Reform

  29. The Social Gospel Movement • 1880s & 1890s • Urban churches began providing services for the poor • Sought to apply the gospel of Jesus directly to society, focusing on charity and justice • 1908 – Federal Council of the Churches of Christ • Supported providing improved living conditions and a larger share in the national wealth for all workers Reform

  30. The Settlement Movement • Young, educated men and women settled into a house in poor neighborhoods (basically a community center) • Hull House, established by Jane Addams & Ellen Gates Starr, offered Chicago residents child-care centers, cultural events, classes, health care clinics, legal advice, etc.. • By 1910, there were more than 400 settlement houses around the country Reform

  31. Compare the Social Gospel Movement to the idea of Social Darwinism. • You can either do this in a Venn Diagram in your notes, or just make a list.. Reform

  32. FRAME WS • Tammany Hall Article • “I Seen My Opportunities and I Took ‘Em” • Identify 2 main ideas and details for each document • Determine whether or not Tammany Hall had more of a positive or a negative impact on New York. • Write a 5 – 7 sentence paragraph supporting your opinion. Tammany Hall

  33. Reform Legislation 1870 - 1920

  34. Unit 2 Test • Laissez-Faire Policy • Business Consolidation • Industrial Giants • Innovations & Advances • The New Colossus • Immigration • Urbanization • Reform • Tammany Hall • Reform Legislation Wednesday, September 18, 2013

  35. Heartland: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2uLHEoP8Rw Cities: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2A62zL8xd_8 America: the Story of Us

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