Drugs

1. Drugs

2. Drugs The Actions of Drugs Scientists discovered certain substances that can help you feel better… Why talk about drugs?

4. What is an opioid?

8. Section I • drugs • medicines • aspirin • inflammation • side effects What is the difference between drugs and medicines?

9. Drug vs. Medicine • Drugs can help prevent, cure, or relieve disease. • People today use thousands of different drugs as medicines. medicines drugs Substances taken into the body that change one or more of the body’s functions Drugs used to help cure disease, lesson disease severity, relieve symptoms, help with diagnosis, or produce other desired effects

10. Medicines benefit people by: • preventing disease • curing disease • lessening the severity of disease • relieving symptoms of disease • bringing about other desired effects (example- a medicine that lowers blood pressure may also promote hair growth)

11. Drugs • All drugs (and medicines) have physical side effects.

12. Amazing Aspirin • Used as a pain reliever, reduce fever; also prevents the blood from clotting (NSAID) • Can’t avoid the side effects: • What are the side effects?

13. Amazing Aspirin • Used as a pain reliever, reduce fever; also prevents the blood from clotting (NSAID) • Can’t avoid the side effects: • double the bleeding time of wounds (that’s why you don’t take aspirin before any kind of surgery) • worsen ulcers, stomach bleeding

14. Acetaminophen • not an NSAID (weak anti-inflammatory, more for relief of headaches and minor aches and pains)

15. Ibuprofen • This is an NSAID (more mild than aspirin)

16. Naproxen Sodium • Also an NSAID

17. Ketoprofen • Smaller pill size for ease of swallowing (similar to aspirin)

18. "The government doesn't want you to use your drugs, they want you use their drugs. So every night on TV, you see a weird a-- drug commercial trying to get you hooked on some legal [stuff]. And they just keep naming symptoms until they get one that you got.“ –Chris Rock

19. All drugs have side effects… • What are the side affects for • Cold medicines? • Antihistamines?

20. All drugs have side effects… • What are the side affects for • Cold medicines- dizziness, drowsiness, constipation • Antihistamines-dry mouth, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness

21. Factors that change the way a medicine works: • The age, weight, and height of the person taking the drug. • The method used to take the drug • The number of drugs taken. • A person’s history of drug use (tolerance). tolerance Requiring larger and larger amounts of a drug to produce the same effect

22. Drug Synergy • The benefits of drug synergy can be seen when medicines work together to help cure an illness. (pain killer like oxycodone and then take a Valium or xanax with it; the xanax or Valium will add to the "drowsiness" effect often felt with the pain killler)

23. Drug Synergy • Some drugs are meant to be taken together to help cure an illness. • Other times, combining drugs can result in dangerous interactions. (sleeping pills + alcohol) • Many accidental deaths occur due to dangerous drug interactions.

24. Antagonist Drugs • Antagonist drugs are often useful in the treatment of accidental overdoses or poisonings.

25. Transdermal • Drugs that are absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream

26. Factors that Change Medicines’ Effects • The nature of the drug • The form and route in which it is taken(transdermal) • Whether the drug is taken with or without food • Your physical characteristics (age, weight, and height) • Other drugs you take • HX of drug use

27. REVIEW • P. 294

28. Section 1 quiz

29. Drugs Section II • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures that ingredients in medicines are safe. FDA: -monitors drug companies -brings new medicines to market -checks for side effects

30. Do all drugs have risks? • Drugs that carry low risks to health are the most helpful in the treatment of disease.

31. Do all drugs have risks? • No drug is totally safe for all people at all times, but antibiotics are among the safest drugs. antibiotics Drugs used to fight bacterial infection.

32. How do antibiotics work? • Antibiotics often work by preventing cell division. • Bacteria divide faster than body cells, so bacteria die before the body can be harmed by the drug. • Overuse of antibiotics can lead to an antibiotic-resistant bacteria strain that can be deadly if no other drug are available to treat it.

35. Drugs as Medicine • Many surgeries performed today would not be possible without anesthetics to relieve pain. anesthetics Drugs that kill pain with or without producing loss of consciousness

36. Before the development of modern anesthetics, nearly lethal doses of alcohol were used to numb pain during surgery. lethal dose The amount of a drug necessary to cause death

37. Drugs as Medicines • The safety of any substance depends on how much of it a person consumes. • To determine drug safety, the FDA determines how close the effective dose is to a lethal dose.

38. REVIEW • P. 296

39. Section III OTC Medicines Content Vocabulary • over-the-counter (OTC) drugs • prescription drugs • chronic • generic • brand names • active ingredients • inactive ingredients • relapses

40. Section III OTC Medicines • What are OTC drugs?

41. Section III OTC Medicines • What are OTC drugs? • Over-the-counterdrugs are available for purchase without a prescription from a doctor. over-the-counter Drugs legally available without a prescription

42. Survey • How Wisely Do You Choose OTC Medicines? • Hand out

44. You must have written authorization from a doctor to obtain prescription drugs. prescription drugs Drugs legally available only with a physician’s order

45. What are OTC drugs? • Some over-the-counter medicines are used to treat chronic illnesses or conditions chronic A disease or condition that develops slowly, shows little change, and lasts a long time.

46. One generic drug may have several brand names. p. 298 brand names generic The names companies give to drugs The chemical names for drugs

47. A generic drug contains the same active ingredients as the brand name drug but the inactive ingredients may vary. inactive ingredients active ingredients Ingredients in a medicine for effects other than medical ones Ingredients in a medicine that produce physical effects on the body p. 298- money and medicines

48. The instructions on OTC medications are easily understood and apply to most people. • Some OTC medications are kept behind the pharmacist’s counter because they can be used to make powerful, illegal drugs.

49. Many people use too many OTC medications too often. • Pain or discomfort is a signal from your body that something is out of balance. • Try to determine the cause of your pain and find a way to relieve it without using medication.

50. Seeking cures for illnesses/problems • Cold medicines • Antacids • Diet pills • Laxatives SIDE EFFECT…see p. 292